ORDER ARTIODACTYLA : EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 547 



"Size small, the height at the shoulder being about 3 feet 8i inches, 

 with relatively short horns, which are continuous with the plane 

 of the forehead, without any backward curvature. General colour 

 ashy-black; the lower lip, a narrow gorget on the throat, the fore- 

 legs from above the knees downwards, the front of the thighs and 

 of hind legs below hocks, except for a triangular patch on the fet- 

 locks, dirty white." (Lydekker, 1898c, p. 126.) 



"This form is represented by a mounted specimen [the type] in 

 the British Museum sent by Mr. C. Hose from Borneo, purporting 

 to be that of a wild animal. . . . Mr. Hose mentions that buffaloes 

 exist in a wild state on the Miri and Baram rivers, and it is quite 

 as probable that there should be a native race of buffalo in Borneo 

 as in the Philippines. Accordingly, the present form is provision- 

 ally reckoned as such." (Lydekker, 1898c, p. 126.) 



It is remarkable that Hose's own account of the Buffalo's struc- 

 ture and habits, in his Mammals of Borneo (1893, pp. 64-65), is 

 merely a copy of Blanford's account (1891, pp. 492-493) of the 

 Indian Buffalo, and hence has no particular bearing on the Bornean 

 form. 



"The well-known Water-Buffalo, Bos bubalis, has been domesti- 

 cated by the inhabitants of the northern parts of Borneo, and is 

 quite a familiar object of the country-side. Two or three herds 

 have run wild at the mouth of the Baram River, and have afforded 

 exciting sport to not a few of the Sarawak Government officials." 

 (Shelford, 1916, p. 46.) 



In discussing the question as to whether certain Buffaloes of the 

 Malay Peninsula are truly wild or merely feral, Lydekker remarks 

 (1912, p. 228) : "A somewhat similar degree of uncertainty obtains 

 with regard to the buffaloes found wild in parts of Borneo." 



Banks (1931, pp. 37-38) writes that "the Buffalo is found wild in 

 various places in Sarawak notably at Baram Point and at Tanjong 

 Sirik, though it has occurred at other localities such as the Ulu 

 Mukah"; he maintains that "the wild ones differ in no way from 

 the tame ones," and that it is "likely that there are no indigenous 

 buffaloes in Borneo." 



Ward (1935, p. 308) apparently limits the range of the Bornean 

 Buffalo to "the neighbourhood of the Miri and Baram Rivers." 



The type description of hosei differs so decidedly from descrip- 

 tions of the domesticated Indian Buffalo (B. b. bubalis} that the 

 two can scarcely be regarded as identical. 



