568 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



also in the basins of most of its tributaries from Ladak to the Plains of India, 

 but it never occurs in the basin of the Jhelum in Kashmir. ... In Ladak 

 it is found on both sides of the Zaskar Range .... Hence it follows the valley 

 of the Indus down stream, although it is much more common to the south of 

 the river than to the north, as far as Chilas. Between Chilas and Attock the 

 Indus is unexplored, but as oorial occur in the hills in the neighbourhood of 

 both these places I see no reason to doubt their being found on both banks 

 of the river in between. 



To the north-east [=northwest] they extend up to the Hindu Kush Range 

 beyono! Chitral and Gilgit. 



Punjab Urial 



Ovis VIGNEI PUNJABIENSIS Lydekker 



Ovis vignei punjabiensis Lydekker, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus., p. 10, 



1913. ("Salt Range, Punjab," India.) 

 FIGS.: Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1860, p. 128, fig., and pi. 80 (Mammalia) 



("cycloceros") ; Stockley, 1922a, pi. facing p. 529, and 1928, frontisp.; 



Ward, 1935, p. 297, upper fig. 



This Urial has recently shown a marked decline, in at least part 

 of its range. 



"A rather smaller and redder sheep than the last [0. v. vignei}, 

 with the girth of the horns seldom exceeding 10 inches" (Lydekker, 

 19136, p. 10). (The girth in 0. v. vignei is 10 to 12 inches.) Height 

 at shoulder about 32 inches; curves of horn nearly in one plane, 

 and tending to form a circle; ruff strongly developed (Lydekker, 

 1913c, vol. 1, p. 87). The record length of horns on the front 

 curve is 38f inches (Ward, 1935, p. 294) . 



"No reliance can be placed on horn characteristics, as individual 

 variation is very great even in members of the same herd. In the 

 Kala Chitta Range near Campbellpore, native shikaris recognise 

 two distinct types of horn . . . ; one has a wide spiral with the 

 points turning inwards, the other a close flat spiral with the points 

 diverging outwards." (Stockley, 1922a, p. 529.) 



Lydekker (1913c, vol. 1, p. 87) records specimens from the Salt 

 Range, Nishnapur, and Akhor Hills (north of Campbellpur) , in the 

 Punjab. Ward (1935, p. 294) records additional specimens from 

 near Attock, near Rawal Pindi, and Kala Chitta Hills, Punjab. 

 Sushkin (1925, p. 149) gives the distribution as "Salt Range, 

 Punjab; perhaps also Soliman Range." 



Stockley (19226, pp. 1126-1128) speaks of hunting Urial in the 

 Shahpur and Talagang districts and in the Nili rukh (Jhelum 

 district) , and adds : 



It has always been found that on grounds where the old males have been 

 shot off, that the heads never recover their strength, even with several years 

 complete preservation .... 



A possible alternative to complete cessation of shooting for five years is 



