ORDER ARTIODACTYLA: EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 573 



region between the Caspian and the Aral Seas, and reaches the 

 coast of the former, as in the vicinity of Krasnovodsk. In the Kopet- 

 Dagh they observed it mostly in flocks of 5 to 20, and occasionally 

 of 60 to 100. In the winter of 1886-87 a hundred of these sheep 

 were bought by a German sausage-maker in Ashkhabad. 



"The best district for urial in Persia and probably in Asia- 

 is the hill country that lies south-east of the Caspian, where the 

 Elburz chain is split up into a number of small spurs and subsidiary 

 ranges, the Kopet Dagh and others. ... On these hills I have had 

 four stalks in a day after different herds. Once I saw a mixed herd 

 of at least three hundred sheep that raised a cloud of dust like an 

 army as they swept across a dry ravine, and immediately after I 

 found a herd of forty hoary old rams." (Kennion, 1915, p. 64.) 

 Five of Kennion's specimens from "Bujnurd, Ala-Dagh," north- 

 eastern Persia, are recorded by Lydekker (1913c, vol. 1, p. 92). 



Ogneff and Heptner (1928, p. 266) report this sheep as very 

 numerous in many places on the mountain plateaus of the Kopet- 

 Dagh. 



There is no information with respect to the numbers on the 

 Mangyshlak Peninsula and the Ust Urt Plateau, but the sheep 

 of the Kopet-Dagh are still rather common (W. G. Heptner, in Hit., 

 December, 1936) . 



European Mouflon; Sardinian Moufflon. Moufflon d'Europe; 

 Moufflon de Corse (Fr.). Muflone (Ital.) 



Ovis MUSIMON (Pallas) 



Aegoceros Musimon Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., vol. 1, p. 230, 1811. (Type 

 locality restricted to Sardinia (cf. Miller, 1912, p. 987).) 



FIGS.: Pallas, 1834-42, pi. 19, fig. 7; Geoffroy and Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammif., 

 livr. 1, pi. 3, livr. 19, pi. 114, 1824-42; Gervais, Hist. Nat. Mammif., pt. 2, 

 pi. 40, 1855; Royal Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. 226, fig., 1894; Lydekker, 1898c, 

 pi. 12, and pp. 155, 156, figs. 29, 30; Martin, 1910, pi. 47; Lydekker, 1913c, 

 vol. 1, p. 76, fig. 24; Millais, 1914, pi. 79; Colosi, 1933, pi. 4; Didier and 

 Rode, 1935, p. 332, fig. 195; Pocock, 1937, p. 687, fig.; Schmidt, 1938, pi. 8. 



The European Mouflon has been reduced by persecution to a mere 

 remnant in its native range in Sardinia and Corsica and now appears 

 to have a better chance of survival in various continental localities 

 where it has been introduced. 



General color of back and sides reddish brown; a blackish me- 

 dian stripe on neck and shoulders; a grayish-white patch on pos- 

 terior half of sides; under parts of body and inner surface of legs 

 dull whitish ; a blackish area on front of neck, continued down fore- 

 leg nearly to hoof ; a black stripe extending along the side and down 

 the outer side of hind leg to heel; tail black above (Miller, 1912, 

 p. 989) . Height at shoulder about 27 inches. Horns forming a close 



