1 66 
EYE SPY 
bearing upon the conscious intention of the flower 
as an embodiment of a divine companion to an 
insect. What is the intention involved in the 
construction and habit of this flower? Why this 
long tube ? Why does it 
await the twilight to burst 
into bloom ? 
In the new botany of 
Darwin flowers must be 
considered as embodiments 
of welcome to insects. 
Long ago it was discov- 
ered that the powdery pol- 
len of a flower must reach 
the stigma of the flower in 
order to produce seed. It 
was formerly supposed that 
this was naturally accom- 
plished by the stamens 
shedding this pollen directly upon the stigma, 
but this was later shown to be impossible in 
most flowers, the anthers containing the pollen 
being so placed that they could not thus con- 
vey the pollen. This fact was first noted by 
Sprengel in 1735, who was the first to discover 
that the flower, with its color, perfume, and honey, 
was really designed to attract insects, and that 
only by their unconscious aid could the pollen be 
thus carried to the stigma. But Sprengel had 
ot'iiUi:- 
