vii 



narrower than the lower. The whole plant thickly clothed with grey 

 hairs. St< n stout and succulent, freely branching. One to two feet 

 high. Biennial. June, July. Eubbish and waste ground near 

 houses. 



SCARLET POPPY, or RED-WEED, PAPAVER RHCEAS. 

 Nat. Ord., Papaveracece. Calyx of two sepals, falling off on expansion of 

 flower. Petals four, two larger than the other two, bright scarlet, 

 much crumpled in bud. Buds nodding. Stamens very numerous, 

 hypogynous. Stigma sessile, radiate. Capsule globular, glabrous, 

 dehiscent by small valves. Seeds small and very numerous. Leaves 

 very various in size and form ; the lower ones large, stalked, pinnately 

 divided ; the upper ones small and less deeply cut, exstipulate. An 

 erect and slightly branching annual, bearing its blossoms on long 

 peduncles, the stems having stiff and bristle-like hairs. Flowers 

 throughout the summer. Railway embankments, corn-fields, and 

 waste ground. 



CUCKOO-PINT, ARUM MACULATUM. Nat. Ord., Araceai. 

 Flowers unisexual, numerous, perianth wanting, grouped upon a 

 spadix, the fertile flowers at its base. Stamens indefinite. Spadix 

 terminating in a naked cylindrical column; purplish. The whole sur- 

 rounded by a spathe ; erect, yellowish-green, often edged and blotched 

 with purple. Fruits succulent, scarlet, massed together. Leaves, 

 sheathing the stem by their petioles, radical, sagittate, nerves reti- 

 culate, shining, often blotched with purplish-black. Khizoma large. 

 Corms produced annually. April, May. Woods and shady hedgerows. 



SWEET VIOLET, VIOLA ODORATA. Nat. Ord., Violacece. 

 Calyx persistent, five sepals produced at the base. Corolla irregular, 

 five spreading petals, the lowest being elongated into a spur at the 

 base. Flowers deep purple, sometimes reddish-purple or white, and 

 very fragrant. Stamens five; anthers connate. Style one; stigma 

 pointed. Capsules opening in three valves, often produced by minute, 

 almost petal-less flowers that appear later on in the year. Leaves 

 cordate, deeply lobed, stipulate, finely serrate. Peduncle bearing 

 bracts. Eootstock short ; lateral scions freely creeping. Banks, 

 hedges, copses. March, April, May. Perennial. 



PRIMROSE, PRIMULA VULGARIS. Nat. Ord., Primulacece. 

 Calyx tubular, five-toothed. Corolla regular, salver-shaped, five-lobed, 

 each lobe orbicular and deeply notched, a straight tube. Stamens 

 five, inserted in tube. Style filiform, with capitate stigma. Fruit a 



