SUMMARY. xiii 



lanceolate or ternate, serrate. Stipules small, toothed. Stems erect 

 scarcely branching. Marshes, sides of canals, damp woods, and boggy 

 moorlands. May, June, July. Perennial. 



MARSH THISTLE, cxwus FALUSTMS. Nat. Ord., Composite. 

 Flower-heads homogamous, numerous, clustered together at the 

 summit of the long stem, forming a terminal and compact corymb. 

 Florets purple, all equal and tubular, five-cleft. Stamens five. Ovary 

 one. Involucral bracts very numerous and closely imbricate. Pappus 

 plumose. Stem winged, prickly, tough, erect, five or six feet high. 

 Leaves decurrent, narrow,, pinnatifid, wavy, lobed, prickly. Moist 

 pastures, damp and shady woods. July. Annual or biennial. 



SALAD BURNET, POTEHIUM SANGUISORBA. Nat. Ord., 

 Kosaceie. Flowers grouped in globular heads, on long footstalks. Upper 

 flowers female, lower ones male. Calyx four-lobed, superior. Corolla 

 wanting. Stamens perigynous, very numerous, pendulous. Styles two, 

 long, ending in tufted, purple stigmas. Stem wiry, angular. Leaves 

 pinnate, having numerous pairs of nearly equal, ovate, serrate leaflets. 

 Dry pastures and embankments in limestone and chalk districts. 

 June, July, August. Perennial. 



HOUND'S-TONGUE, ITXOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE. Nat. Ord., 

 Boraginacea. Calyx inferior, deeply five-cleft, segments erect. Corolla 

 funnel-shaped, dull crimson; tube short, thick, purple-spotted; limb 

 concave, five-parted, almost closed at mouth by five prominent scales. 

 Stamens five, inserted into tube. Ovary smooth, depressed, four-parted. 

 Style pyramidal, having capitate stigma. Fruit of four globose nutlets. 

 Flowers on short peduncles, in axillary and terminal, unilateral, droop- 

 ing racemes. Leaves numerous, alternate, waved, soft, lower ones 

 broadly lanceolate, on long footstalks, upper ones lanceolate, sessile, 

 whole plant with strong mousy odour. Stem thick, erect, branching, 

 leafy. Waste grounds and open spaces in woods. June, July. Biennial. 



CARROT, DAUCUS CAROTA. Nat. Ord., Umbellifera;. Calyx of 

 five small teeth. Corolla of five obcordate petals, having their points 

 inflexed, outer one deeply bifid. Stamens five, on spreading filiform 



