xiv FAMILIAR WILD FLOWERS. 



filaments. Ovary inferior, ovate. Style filiform. Flowers in large 

 terminal umbels of many rays, flat-topped when the flowers are ex- 

 panded, and become concave as the fruit ripens. Leaves bi- and tri- 

 pinnate, deep green. Stem erect, furrowed, hairy, branching. Involu- 

 cral ring of numerous pinnatifid leaves. Fruit clothed with prickles. 

 Root fusiform, yellowish, of strong odour. Borders of fields, hedge- 

 banks, road-sides. June, July, August. Biennial. 



DWARF THISTLE, CNICUS ACAULIS. Nat. Ord., Composite. 

 Flower-heads large, purple, ordinarily sessile, few in number, ordi- 

 narily solitary. All the corollas tubular, five-cleft. Stamens five. 

 Ovary one. Style one. Pappus plumose, equal, long. Fruit an achene. 

 Involucre obovate, glabrous, scales appressed. Leaves in spreading 

 tuft, pinnatifid, glabrous, very spiny. Stem wanting or very short. 

 Gravelly and chalky waste land and pasturage. July, August, Sep- 

 tember. Perennial 



WATER-CRESS. NASTURTIUM OFFICIXALE. Nat. Ord., Cru- 

 ciferce. Calyx of four ovate, deciduous, glabrous sepals. Corolla 

 cruciform, of four white and spreading petals. Stamens tetradynamous. 

 Inflorescence racemose, ebracteate. Style short, having obtuse capitate 

 stigma. Fruit a two-valved pod. Leaves pinnate, alternate, glabrous, 

 lobed, succulent. Stem thick, glabrous, branching, rooting. Brooks 

 and streams. May, June, July, August. Perennial. 



STARWORT, ASTER TRIPOLIUM. Nat. Ord., Cruciferce. Flower- 

 heads in terminal corymbs. Involucre of a few imbricated bracts, 

 Kay florets purple, ligulate, sometimes wanting; disk florets yellow, 

 tubular. Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, alternate, obscurely three- 

 nerved, slightly succulent, exstipulate. Stem erect, glabrous, some- 

 what branching in the upper part-Salt marshes. August, September. 

 Perennial. 



GARLIC-MUSTARD, ALLIARIA OFFICMALIS. Nat. Ord., 

 Crucifertc. Calyx of four ovate-lanceolate, connivent sepals. Corolla 

 cruciform. Petals four, white, obovate. Stamens tetradynamous. 



