OIL BEARING SEEDS AND THEIR BY-PRODUCTS 173 



III. BUCKWHEAT AND ITS BY-PRODUCTS 



Tho rarely used for feeding stock, buckwheat has a fair value for such 

 purpose, its nutrients running somewhat lower than those in the lead- 

 ing cereals. (953) 



244. Buckwheat by-products. The black, woody hulls of the buck- 

 wheat grain, Fagopyrum esculentum, have little feeding value and should 

 be used to give bulk or volume to the ration only when it cannot be other- 

 wise secured. On the other hand, buckwheat middlings, that part of the 

 kernel immediately under the hull, which is separated from the flour on 

 milling, contain 28 per ct. crude protein and 7 per ct. fat, with little 

 fiber, and hence have a high feeding value. The miller, desiring to dis- 

 pose of as much of the hulls as possible, mixes them with the middlings to 

 form 'buckwheat bran or feed. Woll 15 concludes that buckwheat feed, 

 not over half of which is hulls, is worth about 20 per ct. less than wheat 

 bran. Such feed carries about 16 per ct. protein and 24 per ct. fiber. 

 The intelligent purchaser avoids the worthless hulls so far as he can, 

 choosing instead the rich, floury middlings. 



Buckwheat by-products are nearly always used for feeding cows, 

 rightly having the reputation of producing a large flow of milk, but may 

 be successfully fed in limited quantities to other farm animals. (595) 

 The charge that buckwheat by-products make a white, tallowy butter 

 and pork of low quality fails if they are not given in excess. When 

 stored in bulk, buckwheat by-products are liable to heat unless first 

 mixed with some light feed, like wheat bran. (953) 



Occasionally buckwheat grain and also the green fodder or straw cause 

 peculiar eruptions and intense itching of the skin. This affects only 

 white or light-colored parts of the hide, and animals are subject to the 

 disease only when exposed to the light. 



IV. OIL-BEARING SEEDS AND THEIR BY-PRODUCTS 



The annual crop of cotton. Gossypium hirsutum, in the United States 

 now amounts to about 11,000,000 bales of 500 Ibs. each with approximately 

 5,000,000 tons of cotton seed as a by-product, since for 1 Ib. of fiber, 

 or lint, there are nearly 2 Ibs. of seed. Previous to 1860 the seed of 

 the cotton plant was largely wasted by the planters, who often allowed 

 it to rot near the gin house, ignorant or careless of its worth, while meat 

 and other animal products which might have been produced from it were 

 purchased at high cost from northern farmers. The utilization of the 

 cotton seed and its products as food for man and beast furnishes a strik- 

 ing example of what science is accomplishing for agriculture. 



According to Fraps, 16 1 ton of cotton seed yields approximately the 

 following : Linters, or short fiber 69 Ibs. ; hulls, 579 Ibs. ; cake, or meal, 

 915 Ibs. ; crude oil, 299 Ibs. ; loss, etc., 138 Ibs. 



"Wls. Cir. 42. "Texas Bui. 189. 



