336 FEEDS AND FEEDING 



palatable and safe, but also widely known articles of trade, easily collect- 

 ible in vast quantities, readily inspected, and generally uniform in 

 quality; moreover, they must not be subject to excessive waste or dete- 

 rioration during storage and transportation. 



In the United States army the standard daily allowance for a horse 

 is 14 Ibs. of hay and 12 Ibs. of oats, corn, or barley, with three and one- 

 third Ibs. of straw for bedding (or hay, if straw is not available). For a 

 field artillery horse of the heavy draft type, weighing 1,300 Ibs. or over, 

 17 Ibs. of hay and 14 Ibs. of grain are allowed, with three and one-third 

 Ibs. of straw (or hay) for bedding. For a mule the allowance is 14 Ibs. 

 of hay and 9 Ibs. of grain, with bedding as before. To each animal 3 Ibs. 

 of bran may be issued in lieu of that quantity of grain. 



The commanding officer may at his discretion vary the proportions of 

 the components of the ration (1 Ib. of grain, 1.5 Ibs. of hay, and 2 Ibs. 

 of straw being taken as equivalents), and in the field may substitute 

 other recognized articles of forage obtained locally, the variation or 

 substitution not to exceed the money value of the components of the 

 ration at the contract rates in effect at the time of exchange. 24 



In Great Britain the ration is 12 Ibs. of hay and 10 to 12 Ibs. of oats. 

 Eight Ibs. of straw per day is fed horses when at the garrison. In the 

 French army a smaller allowance of hay, 6.6 to 8.5 Ibs., is given with an 

 allowance of oats ranging from 10.4 Ibs. for light horses in time of peace 

 to 14.7 Ibs. for the heavier horses in war time. The German army used 

 cut straw generally in the ration, the roughage ranging from 7.8 Ibs. 

 straw and 5.6 Ibs. hay in the garrison to only 3.9 Ibs. straw and 3.3 Ibs. 

 hay when in the field. The allowance of oats ranged from 9.5 Ibs. on a 

 light ration in the garrison to 12.6 Ibs. on a heavy ration in the field. 25 



With the army horse it is often necessary to use substitutes for the regu- 

 lation concentrates and roughages. General Carter 26 writes that oats, 

 corn, bran, and sometimes barley, especially in the southwestern states, 

 have been fed as the concentrates to the horses of the United States army. 

 Palay, or unhulled rice, was the main reliance of the cavalry horses in the 

 Philippine Islands during the early days of the insurrection. Pott 27 men- 

 tions that a stock bread, made of coarsely ground oats, peas, barley, and 

 linseed, with a little salt added, was employed by the Russian cavalry. 

 The kind of hay fed will vary according to the district. Carter writes 

 that besides the common cultivated grasses, there have been accepted 

 at various times in the United States army, hay from gramma grass, 

 bunch grass, and other wild western grasses, various reed grasses, wild 

 oats, and "pulled" corn fodder. 



24 U. S. Army Eegulations, 1917, pp. 212-213. 



" Langworthy, U. S. Dept. Agr., Office of Expt. Sta., Bui. 125. 



8fl Horses, Saddles, and Bridles, 1902, pp. 357-379. 



"Handb. Eraahr. Putter., I, 1907, p. 329. 



