642 FEEDS AND FEEDING 



so long as the essentials of sanitation and hog comfort are observed. 

 Equipment for feeding should be adapted to the type of garbage avail- 

 able and to local conditions, climate, and transportation. 



Raw garbage generally is better for hogs than cooked garbage. Frozen 

 garbage, however, should be thawed before feeding. As a rule the use 

 of grain as a supplementary feed is not an economical practice, but 

 grain may be used to advantage when the supply of garbage is tempor- 

 arily short. Hogs to be fed garbage should be immunized against cholera, 

 preferably Toy the double treatment. Thoro immunization is very im- 

 portant because of raw pork scraps frequently deposited in garbage 

 cans. Garbage-fed hogs show no greater susceptibility to tuberculosis, 

 pneumonia, or kindred diseases than grain-fed animals. The pork is 

 as good in quality as that produced on other feeds, and average garbage- 

 fed hogs sell at practically the same prices as average grain-fed animals. 



II. PROTEIN-RICH CONCENTRATES 



957. Dairy by-products, Skim milk and buttermilk are rich in protein, 

 and, most fortunately, the protein is rich in the very amino acids, or 

 ' ' protein building stones, ' ' which are not plentiful in the grains. These 

 dairy by-products are also rich in mineral matter, especially in calcium 

 and phosphorus, which are the chief minerals in the skeleton. These 

 qualities make skim milk and buttermilk ideal supplements to the farm 

 grains for pigs, which need rations rich in protein, lime, and phosphoric 

 acid, because they are growing rapidly. Indeed, it is well known that 

 when skim milk or buttermilk is used as a supplement to corn or other 

 grains for growing, fattening pigs, usually the gains will even be slightly 

 larger than when such an excellent protein-rich feed as tankage or meat 

 meal is used to balance the ration. These dairy by-products are also just 

 as excellent for brood sows, which likewise need plenty of protein and a 

 liberal supply of calcium and phosphorus. Skim milk is so useful for 

 pigs that many breeders of pure-bred hogs keep a dairy herd in order to 

 have the by-products for their swine, especially for the young pigs. 



Due to the high efficiency of the milk proteins as supplements to the 

 grains and also to the richness of milk in calcium, skim milk and butter- 

 milk are far superior to such feeds as linseed meal, wheat middlings, 

 gluten feed, or corn germ meal, when used as the only supplement for 

 swine not on pasture, and especially for young pigs. (937, 969, 980) 



Most of the fat-soluble vitamine has been removed from separator 

 skim milk, buttermilk, and whey. Experiments by Morrison, Bohstedt, 

 and Fargo at the Wisconsin Station, which have been mentioned pre- 

 viously, show that, because of this, poor results may be secured if these 

 dairy by-products are fed with other feeds low in this vitamine. as is 

 white corn. (939) Such a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamine is most apt 

 to affect young pigs. Apparently, such trouble may be prevented 

 by adding 5 per ct. of good alfalfa hay or other legume hay to the ration. 



