746 



FEEDS AND FEEDING 



TABLE V. MORRISON (OR MODIFIED WOLFF-LEHMANN) FEEDING 

 STANDARDS FOR FARM ANIMALS 



It has been pointed out on previous pages that the recent investigations of the ex- 

 periment stations of this and other countries have shown that the original Wolff-Leh- 

 mann standards are in many instances decidedly inaccurate. (187-90) To provide a 

 means by which rations can be computed substantially in accordance with this well- 

 known system, but yet taking into consideration the results of the recent scientific 

 work on live stock feeding, the following standards have been prepared. The sources 

 of the recommendations here given for the various classes of animals are stated in 

 Chapter VII, and the methods of computing rations in accordance with these standards 

 are fully explained in Chapter VII (189-90) and in Chapter VIII. 



In all cases both a minimum and a maximum are given for dry matter, digestible 

 crude protein, and total digestible nutrients. As has been pointed out in the text 

 (146), when protein-rich feeds are cheaper than carbonaceous feeds, somewhat more 

 digestible crude protein may be supplied than is stated in the standards. This will 

 narrow the nutritive ratio beyond the limits here indicated. On the other hand, the 

 amount of protein should not fall much below the lower amount indicated. 



These recommendations are presented, not as final, arbitrary standards, but as the 

 best available guides we have at present in the scientific feeding of live stock, based on 

 the older standards, but changed to conform to recent scientific data and to the practical 

 experience of the most ^successful stockmen. 



Computing economical rations. Before attempting to work out economical balanc- 

 ed rations for any class of stock, it is important to study carefully the explanations and 

 general hints in Articles 15&-167 and 191-200. It is impossible to compute satisfactory 

 and profitable balanced rations if reliance is placed only on the mathematical recom- 

 mendations of any feeding standard. As is explained in the articles referred to, several 

 other factors are just as important in determining the efficiency of a ration as the 

 amounts of digestible crude protein and of total digestible nutrients. 



The special rules and hints on feeding each class of stock, which are given in the 

 respective chapters of Part III, should also be carefully consulted. For convenience 

 the following references to important articles discussing balanced rations for the various 

 farm animals are given: 



Dairy cows, 646-51. Growing colts, 519-25. 



Fattening steers, 710, 715-7, 800. Fattening lambs, 901-7. 



Beef breeding cows, 788-90. Breeding ewes, 882-4. 



Horses, 455-6, 530, 536. Growing, fattening pigs, 914-7, 1030-5, 



1037. 

 Brood mares, 514. Brood sows, 1012-23. 



Morrison Feeding Standards for Farm Animals 



Notes on standards for dairy cows. The amount of dry matter to be fed daily per 

 1,000 Ibs. live weight to dairy cows may range from 15.0 Ibs. or even less with dry cows 

 to 30.0 Ibs. with cows yielding 2.0 Ibs. of butter fat per head daily. Cows producing 

 1.0 Ib. of fat per head daily should receive about 21.0 to 25.0 Ibs. of dry matter daily per 



