92 Feeds and Feeding. 



or without corn meal, were fed in opposition to corn meal alone. 

 Shelton of the Kansas Station 1 fed pigs a mixture of wheat shorts 

 and wheat bran in opposition to corn meal, potatoes, and tallow. 

 At the Alabama Station 2 Duggar fed cowpeas, which are rich in 

 crude protein, against corn meal. In France Fortier 3 duplicated 

 a trial by the author, feeding skim milk, dried blood, and wheat 

 middlings in opposition to corn meal. Thus at 5 widely separated 

 points pigs were fed rations rich in crude protein and mineral mat- 

 ter, usually containing some corn meal, in opposition to corn meal 

 alone, which is rich in carbohydrates and fat but low in crude 

 protein and mineral matter. The table on the next page summarizes 

 the findings of two trials at the Wisconsin and one at the Kansas Sta- 

 tion, these being typical of all. 



The upper division of the table shows that the pigs fed rations 

 rich in crude protein made heavier gains, and also that the weight 

 of their blood, livers, kidneys, etc., was greater than that of others 

 fed rations poor in crude protein. The tenderloin muscles were 

 dissected from the carcasses and weighed, and the thigh bones were 

 dissected from the hams and their relative breaking strength de- 

 termined. As the pigs were of different weights at the time of 

 slaughter, the second division of the table is given to show the 

 weights of the different organs and parts in percentages of dressed 

 carcass. It is shown that the carcasses of the pigs getting the 

 rations rich in crude protein shrank more than those getting the 

 corn-meal rations, in part due to the larger amount of blood and 

 heavier livers and other organs of the pigs fed the heavy crude 

 protein ration, and also to the fact that the nitrogenous rations 

 produced more watery tissues. 



In the first Wisconsin trial the pigs getting milk, wheat mid- 

 dlings, and dried blood had over 54 oz., or nearly 3.5 Ibs., of 

 blood for each 100 Ibs. of dressed carcass, while those getting only 

 corn meal had less than 42 oz., or but little over 2.5 Ibs. The livers 

 and kidneys of the pigs fed the rations rich in crude protein were 

 in all cases relatively heavier. The tenderloin muscles, lying along 

 the back, were also relatively heavier, showing that a superior mus- 

 cular development was associated with the larger internal organs, 

 more blood, etc. The corn-fed pigs, on the other hand, had stored 

 more fat, as the proportion of leaf lard shows. 



1 Bui. 9. 2 Bui. 82. 3 Ext. Trav. Soc. Cent, d ' Agr., Dept. Seine-Inf ., 1889, 1890. 



