192 Feeds and Feeding. 



did grain alone. The bacon from the root-fed pigs was superior to 

 that from pigs getting grain only. The danger to sheep of calculi 

 or stones in the kidneys and bladder from mangel feeding has been 

 pointed out by the Iowa Station. (563, 567, 660-1, 758, 874) 



269. Rutabaga, Brassica campestris. The -rutabaga or swede 

 ranks next to the mangel in ease of cultivation and harvesting. 

 Sheep prefer it to all other roots. Like other turnips, the rutabaga 

 may taint the milk of cows, and for this reason should be fed im- 

 mediately after milking. This root is of vast importance to the 

 stock interests of Great Britain and is likewise a favorite with 

 stockmen of Canada, where it is extensively grown. (444, 567, 768) 



270. Flat turnip, Brassica rapa. This watery root yields less 

 nutriment than the rutabaga, and is not so satisfactory for stock 

 feeding. Sown as a catch crop, large yields are often secured at 

 small cost. It is used mainly for sheep, but can be fed to cattle. 



271. Parsnip, Pastinaca sativa. The parsnip is a favorite root 

 with the dairy farmers on the islands of Jersey and Guernsey. 

 Since it contains more nutriment than most roots, and is easily 

 grown, its use should be more general. 



272. Carrot, Daucus Carota. This root is relished by horses of 

 all ages and conditions. Being watery, it cannot be fed in quan- 

 tity to hard-worked or driving horses. Carrots also serve well for 

 other stock, especially dairy cows. Hills of the Vermont Station 1 

 writes: "Carrots far surpassed beets in feeding value." (444) 



273. Potato, Solanum tuberosum. Despite the relatively poor 

 showing made by the potato in the foregoing table, it often happens 

 that the farmer has large quantities of these tubers which should 

 be fed to stock rather than forced on a profitless market. Accord- 

 ing to Fjord's experiment, 400 Ibs. of potatoes are worth 100 Ibs. of 

 mixed grain for pig feeding. Trials by the author showed that 445 

 Ibs. of potatoes, when cooked, were equal to 100 Ibs. of corn meal for 

 pigs. Potatoes should be cooked and mixed with meal for pigs, and 

 for sheep and cattle they should be sliced. The heavy feeding of 

 raw potatoes induces scouring. Hills of the Vermont Station 2 found 

 the butter from cows fed a heavy potato ration to be salvy and 

 poor. (444, 875) In Germany potatoes are sometimes dried and 

 ground to a meal for stock feeding, 3.8 tons of raw potatoes making 

 1 ton of the dessicated or dried product. 3 



274. Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus. Goessmann of 

 the Massaclm setts Station 4 reports artichokes yielding at the rate 



1 Rpt. 1907. 3 Daily Cons, and Trade Rpts., 1910, 3716. 



2 Ept. 1896. 4 Ept.'lO. 



