284 Feeds and Feeding. 



Grisdale of the Ottawa Experimental Farms 1 concludes that where 

 a mixture of cut hay and bran is fed to horses having good teeth, 

 there is no advantage in grinding oats. When horses are hard 

 worked and have but little time in the stable, or when their teeth 

 are poor, it is well to grind their grain. All small, hard grains, such 

 as wheat, barley, rye, and kafir, should always be ground or, better, 

 rolled. (331-3) 



IV. WATER DRANK; COST OF KEEP. 



451. Water drank. Wolff 2 found that as much as 47 per ct. of 

 the water consumed by the horse reappeared in the feces or solid 

 excrement, and 39 per ct. in the urine, the remainder being exhaled 

 from the lungs and skin. Grandeau and Leclerc, 3 experimenting with 

 Paris cab horses, found the daily consumption of water to be as fol- 

 lows: 



Water drank daily ~by cab horses. 



The table shows that the horse drinks much more water during 

 labor than when idle. 



Merrill of the Utah Station* found that horses fed timothy hay 

 drank 79 Ibs. of water each daily, while on alfalfa hay they drank 10 

 Ibs. more. One of 2 horses getting alfalfa hay drank 21 Ibs. of water- 

 more per day than the other. Morrow of the Oklahoma Station 5 

 reports that during hot weather in August a pair of farm mules 

 drank 350 Ibs. of water in 1 day an extremely large amount. It is 

 evident that the amount of water which horses will drink depends 

 upon many factors, the most important of which are the individ- 

 uality of the animals, the temperature of their surroundings, the 

 nature of their food, and the amount of work performed. (87) 



452. Time of watering. The following conclusions were reached 

 by Tangl 6 of Budapest, whose investigations concerning the time of 

 watering horses are the most complete of any recorded : 



1 Ept. 1905. 4 Bui. 77. 



2 Landw. Jahrb., 16, 1887, Sup. Ill, p. 109. 5 Rpt. 1898. 



3 Ann. Sci. Agron., 1888, 2, p. 276. 6 Landw. Vers. Stat., 57, 1902, p. 329. 



