304 Feeds and Feeding. 



teurized skim milk caused less trouble from scouring. Patrons of 

 creameries should insist that all skim milk returned from the cream- 

 ery be first pasteurized, not only for the above reason, but espe- 

 cially to prevent the possible spread of tuberculosis. 



477. Buttermilk. At the Kansas Station 1 Otis found that butter- 

 milk gave slightly less returns with calves than skim milk. Butter- 

 milk caused less trouble from scours than skim milk. Porter of Eng- 

 land 2 recommends the addition of a small amount of buttermilk to 

 the whole-milk ration of the veal calf, during the third week of feed- 

 ing gradually increasing the allowance until one part of buttermilk 

 is fed with each 10 parts of new milk. (303) 



478. Whey. Graef 3 secured a daily gain of 2 Ibs. with calves fed 

 skim milk, while those getting whey gained from 1 to 1.4 Ibs. At the 

 Kansas Station 4 Otis changed calves from skim milk to whey when 3 

 to 5 weeks old, feeding 10 to 14 Ibs. of whey daily with alfalfa hay, 

 prairie hay, kafir meal, and sieved ground oats. The whey-fed calves 

 were thrifty and healthy, tho less fat than those getting skim milk. 

 Few can successfully rear calves on whey, which contains little nutri- 

 ment, is more or less acid, and is usually loaded with germs that de- 

 range digestion. Whey should be fed as fresh as possible and under 

 the strictest rules as to quantity, regularity, and cleanliness of the 

 vessels employed. (304) 



479. Substitutes for milk. At the Kansas Station 5 Otis boiled 

 hay, previously soaked in a tank, for 1 or 2 hours. It was then re- 

 moved and the liquid which remained was concentrated by boiling, 

 12.5 Ibs. of the hay yielding about 100 Ibs. of ''tea." With kafir 

 meal, wheat middlings, and oil-meal jelly for concentrates the calves 

 fed alfalfa-hay tea gained but 0.4 Ib. daily and those fed mixed hay 

 tea, 0.9 Ib. poor returns in both cases. 



Stewart gives the following satisfactory experience with a hay- 

 tea ration for calves : "If the hay is cut early, when it has most sol- 

 uble matter, and is of good quality, the tea will grow good calves, but 

 this extract frequently has too small a proportion of albuminous and 

 fatty matter. Yet, if the hay tea is boiled down so as not to contain 

 too much water for the dry substance, calves will usually thrive upon 

 it. We tried an experiment by feeding 2 gallons of hay tea, in which 

 one-fourth of a Ib. of flax seed and one-fourth of a Ib. of wheat mid- 

 dlings had been boiled, to each of five calves 30 days old. This ex- 

 periment was continued 60 days, with a gradual increase, during the 



1 Bui. 126. 4 Bui. 126. 



2 Jour. Bd. Agr. (London) , 1, 1907, p. 730. 5 Bui. 126. 



3 Milchzeitung, 1880, p. 143. Feeding Animals, p. 246. 



