332 Feeds and Feeding. 



In the slaughter test of the Kansas Short-horns and natives re- 

 ferred to in Article 514 the loins of the best Short-horns were rated 

 at 18 cents per Ib. and of the natives as low as 14 cents. 



Average live Experts' valua- 



weight tion per cwt. 



Hereford 1,525 pounds $6.63 



Short-horn 1,660 pounds 6.38 



Galloway 1,635 pounds 6.38 



Aberdeen-Angus 1,725 pounds 6.38 



BedPol) 1,520 pounds 6.28 



Swiss 1,570 pounds 6.00 



Devon 1,290 pounds 5.75 



Holstein 1,410 pounds 5.00 



Jersey 1,430 pounds 4.50 



520. Quality. Beyond that which can be expressed in figures or 

 stated percentagely lies that indefinable something described by the 

 word "quality" which enters into all objects of barter. No one can 

 compare a bunch of well-fed beef-bred steers with one representing 

 the dairy breeds or natives without being impressed by a difference 

 not measured by the scales. Speaking of the breed tests, Wilson 1 

 writes: ''The carcasses of the dairy breeds lacked in thickness of 

 cuts, and the marbling of the fat and lean was not equal to that of 

 the others (beef breeds)." Georgeson 2 writes: "The Short-horns 

 gave the best returns, not simply because the gross weight of their 

 carcasses was greater than that of the scrubs, but also because their 

 meat was esteemed better by experts in the packing-house who were 

 asked to judge of the quality and assign prices." Of the Ontario 

 native Shaw 3 wrote : ' ' There was a lack of thickness of carcass thru- 

 out, the deficiency in depth of rib and loin being very noticeable, and 

 the absence of what may be termed fleshiness was conspicuous." 



The matter at issue may be illustrated by a condition in the fruit 

 world: No orchardist will hold that the Baldwin apple tree neces- 

 sarily grows faster than the seedling apple tree, or that it will make 

 wood and fruit on less material from soil and air. Neither will he 

 hold that Baldwin trees necessarily yield more barrels of fruit than 

 seedlings, nor that a given measure of Baldwin apples contains more 

 juice or human food than the same measure of common seedling ap- 

 ples. Fruit growers do rightfully assert, however, that the market 

 wants Baldwin apples and will pay more for them than for com- 

 mon seedling fruit, and that from this judgment of the market, be 

 it reasonable or unreasonable, there is no appeal. Beef cattle have 

 been bred for meat production it would be passing strange if they 

 did not excel for that purpose. 



1 Iowa Expt. Sta., Bui. 20. 3 Ontario Agr. Col., Rpt. 1892. 



2 Kansas Expt. Sta., Bui. 51. 



