Feeding Standards Calculating Rations. 115 



cess of highly digestible carbohydrates. In the latter case, pro- 

 vided there is sufficient crude protein to meet the minimum re- 

 quirement of the animal, such rations will generally be found the 

 most economical. (97) 



138. Notes on the Wolff standards. Recent investigations by the 

 scientists show that the Wolff standards are only approximately 

 correct. Kiihn of the Mockern Station 1 found that the 1000-lb. ox 

 can be maintained on 0.7 Ib. of digestible crude protein and 6.6 

 Ibs. of digestible carbohydrates. Kellner, who is Kiihn 's successor, 

 has practically adopted the Kiihn standard in providing 0.6 Ib. of 

 digestible protein and a starch value of 6 Ibs. for its maintenance. 



Haecker of the Minnesota Station 2 found that the 1000-lb. dry, 

 barren cow can be maintained on 0.6 Ib. of crude protein, 6 Ibs. of 

 carbohydrates, and 0.1 Ib. of fat, all digestible. For the mainte- 

 nance of the 1000-lb. cow producing milk he would allow 0.7 Ib. 

 of crude protein, 7 Ibs. of carbohydrates, and 0.1 Ib. of fat, all 

 digestible. He found that the Wolff allowance of crjide protein 

 for the dairy cow may be advantageously cut as much as 20 per 

 ct., unless feeds rich in that nutrient are available at relatively 

 low cost. Woll of the Wisconsin Station 3 also found that the Wolff 

 standard for dairy cows was higher in crude protein than neces- 

 sary. 



The Wolff allowance of crude protein for fattening animals may 

 generally be reduced by as much as 40 per ct. Kellner and 

 Armsby recognize this in their standards. 



139. In conclusion. When the students of feeding problems and 

 stockmen conducting practical feeding operations learn that neither 

 the tables of digestible nutrients in feeding stuffs nor the Wolff 

 feedings standards are exact and wholly reliable, they will be 

 tempted to cast them aside as of no value. Due reflection will 

 check such a course, for enormous gain has already come to our 

 stock interests thru this source. The Wolff standards, coupled with 

 tables of the digestible nutrients in feeding stuffs, have been pro- 

 foundly useful in advancing the great art of feeding farm ani- 

 mals. Both students and stockmen should familiarize themselves 

 with the Wolff standards because of their historical interest and 

 their great general usefulness. From what is thus learned, all 

 are better prepared for the study of other more advanced sys- 

 tems and standards now in the process of formation. 



1 Landw. Vers. Stat., 44, p. 550. 2 Bui. 79. * Bpt. 1894. 



