438 



Feeds and Feeding. 



pound rations that will furnish all the nutrients required by cows 

 without supplying any in excess. There is no gain in attempting to 

 apply these teachings with extreme exactness to every-day feeding 

 operations. No two cows in the herd have exactly the same wants, 

 and the various feeds at hand are not identical in chemical composi- 

 tion with the averages given in the tables of composition. Such 

 tables and standards are invaluable in giving sound and helpful fun- 

 damental knowledge so that one has a clear, broad conception of what 

 he is doing and can move forward along the right lines with confi- 

 dence. Having well in hand the basic facts concerning feeding stuffs 

 and rations, it is enough if the weight of concentrates each cow con- 

 sumes daily is known, while the quantity of roughage may be esti- 

 mated from weighings made occasionally. 



To aid in efforts at economical feeding, the following groupings 

 of commonly available feeding stuffs are presented, based on their 

 digestible nutrients, fiber, and palatability : 



Class I 



Poor in diges. crude protein, 

 poor in digestible carbohy., 

 high in fiber 



Wheat straw 

 Barley straw 

 Oat straw 

 Marsh hay 

 Salt marsh hay 

 Rye hay 



Cotton-seed hulls 

 Corn stover 



Class IV 



Fair in diges. crude protein, 

 rich in digestible carbohy., 

 iittle fiber 



Ground corn 



Corn-and-cob meal 



Hominy feed 



Oats 



Barley meal 



Emmer meal 



Rye meal 



Buckwheat meal 



Buckwheat bran 



Rice meal 



Kafir 



Milo 



Dried beet pulp 



Roughages 

 Class II 



Fair in diges. crude protein, 

 fair in digestible carbohy., 

 considerable fiber 



Timothy hay 

 Red top hay 

 Bermuda hay 

 Johnson-grass hay 

 Sorghum fodder 

 Kafir fodder 

 Milo fodder 

 Corn fodder 



Class III 



Rich in diges. crude protein, 

 fair in digestible carbohy., 

 considerable fiber 



Alfalfa hay 

 Red clover hay 

 Cowpea hay 

 Vetch hay 

 Soybean hay 

 Velvet bean hay 

 Beggar-weed hay 



Corn silage 

 Roots 



Concentrates 

 Class V 



Rich in diges. crude protein, 

 fair in digestible carbohy., 

 some fiber 



Low-grade flour 

 Wheat bran 

 Wheat middlings 

 Rye bran 

 Rye middlings 



Class VI 



Highest in diges. cr. protein, 

 fair in digestible carbohy., 

 little fibei 



Gluten meal 

 Gluten feed 

 Buckwheat middlings 

 Field-pea meal 

 Cowpea meal 

 Soybean meal 

 Linseed meal 

 Cotton-seed meal 

 Soybean cake meal 

 Dried brewers' grains 

 Dried distillers' grains 



