Via AIHJBEVIATIONS. 



gill which was functional during embryonic 'life. Whenever present, 

 they may be detected by turning back the gill-cover. In Chondroptery- 

 gian fishes the pseudobranchiaj are differently situated, within the 

 spiracles. 



Gill-rakers. Horny processes on the inside of the branchial arches or bony 

 supports to the gills. 



Lower pharyngeal bones. The dwarfed fifth pair of branchial arches ; the 4 

 anterior pairs bearing gills. These bones often support teeth. 



hthnms. The small space beneath the throat between the two gill-openings. 



Teeth. There are several kinds of teeth in fishes. Those of the tipper jaw are 

 borne by the premaxillarybones.Hhere being no teeth in the maxillaries; 

 the lower-jaw teeth are attached to the dentary bone of the mandible. 

 Besides these, teeth (watering) are often found on the vomer situated in 

 the middle of the roof of the mouth, articulating on each side in front 

 with the maxillary bones, and behind on each side with the palatines, 

 which aleo bear teeth in many fishes. Teeth likewise occur on other 

 bones of the skull or hyoid apparatus, or on the tongue. Villiform 

 teeth are very fine conical teeth arranged in a band ; cardiform teeth 

 are coarser or mixed with coarser teeth. 



