50 CIIONDROPTERYOJI. TUTOIDEl. 



on the tail: T. wnlf/a, Miill. & ITenle, has the interorbital space 

 and back covered with small tubercles, no larger ones in the median 

 line, but a series of short spines between the root of the tail and 

 the larger spine. Now all these forms, with every intermediate 

 variation, occur, and the smooth body usually confined to the young 

 may be persistent in the adult. 



Synopsis of Indian Species. 



A. Lower dental laminae somewhat pointed, the 

 upper being angularly bent for their reception. 

 Tail 



Tail with a cutaneous fold. 

 A broad fold along lower surface of tail. Upper 



part of bodv covered with tl,-it tubercles .... 1. T. sephen, p. 50. 



B. Dental laminae transverse ; if undulating, 



slightly so. Tail with a cutaneous fold. 



( Tryyon.} 

 Snout pointed. Tail three times as long as disk. 



Tubercles few 2. T. bennetti, p. 52. 



Tail half longer than disk. Body nearly smooth. 



Blue ocelli on upper surface 3. T. kuJdii, p. ">"_'. 



Tail scarcely as long as body. Tubercles fuw . . 4. 7'. imlricata, p. 52. 

 Snout very pointed and produced. A few 



tubercles in median line of back 5. T, zugei, p. 52. 



C. Dental laminae transverse ; if undulating, 



slightly so; tail without a cutaneous fold. 



(Himantura.) 

 Snout rather pointed. Tail very long. One or 



more large tubercles in middle of back. 



Brown or spotted 0. T. uarnal-, p. 53. 



Tail twice as long as disk. A row of pointed 



tubercles on the back, which is spined all 



over 7. T. maw/hiatus, 



Snout very pointed. Tail three to four times [p. 54. 



as long as disk. A central and several 



smaller tubercles on the back 8. T. llcckeri, p. 54. 



Snout pointed. Tail rather longer than disk. 



Tubercles variously disposed 9. T. vtilt/a, p. 55. 



52. (1.) Trygon sephen. (Figs. 21, 22.) 



Raja sephen, Forsk. Descr. An. p. 17. 



Trygon sephen, Day, Fish. India, p. 740, pi. cxcv, fig. 2 (fee synon.). 

 Adavalan tiriki, Tamil ; Volugiri tenkee and Wolaa tcnkee, Tel. ; 

 Govdl pdkat, Marathi. 



Disk rather broader than long ; the length of the tail three to 

 four times that of the body. Snout most obtuse in adults. Teeth 

 lower dental laminae somewhat pointed, the upper angularly 

 bent for their reception; ^ rows transversely, and ~ vertically 

 opposite the symphysis : they are all flattened, those in the centre 

 of the upper jaw being the smallest. Fins tail with a broad 

 lower cutaneous fold ; there may be one or two serrated spines 



