CTPHINIDJE. CYPEININJE. 245 



Length of head 5| in the total length. Eyes diameter 4$ in 

 the length of head, 1 \ diameters from end of snout, and also apart. 

 Head somewhat depressed. Edges of lips covered with round 

 hard pores. Some fine pores also on the cheeks and snout. 

 Fins dorsal commences in advance of the ventrals; pectorals and 

 ventrals nearly horizontal, the outer seven rays of the former and 



/ Fig. 8Q.PsiZorhynchus balitora. 



two of the latter unbranched; caudal forked. Scales 2| rows 

 between the lateral line and base of the ventral fin. Air-bladder- 

 rather large, divided by a constriction into an anterior and 

 posterior portion, and not enclosed by bone. Colour reddish 

 brown, with irregular black blotches forming badly-defined bands, 

 in places passing over the back. Three bars on the caudal and 

 some black on the anterior half of the dorsal. 



Hob. Hill-streams and rapids in N.E. Bengal and Assam. 



3. Genus DISCOGNATHUS, Heckel. 



Syn. Garra, Ham. Buch. ; Platycara^ McClelland ; Discognathichtiiys 

 et Lissorltynchus, Bleeker; Mayoa, Day. 



Body elongated, subcylindrical. Mouth transverse, semi- 

 circular, and inferior ; upper and lower lips continuous ; no lateral 

 lobes to snout, which projects beyond the mouth. A suctorial 

 disk on the chin, formed on the lower lip ; upper lip fringed. 

 Barbels four (Garra, Ham. Buch.), or one pair only at each angle 

 of the mouth (Discognathus, Heckel). Pharyngeal teeth uncinate 

 and in three closely approximating rows, 2, 4, 5/5, 4, 2, or 5, 3, 1/1, 

 3, 5. Dorsal fin with few rays, commencing slightly in advance 

 of the ventrals, its base scaleless; pectoral horizontal; anal short. 

 Scales of moderate size, no enlarged anal row. Lateral line 

 continued to the centre of the base of the caudal fin. Gill-rakers 

 few, short, and widely-set. Air-bladder small. 



Geographical Distribution. Rivers, more especially mountain- 

 streams, of Asia and Abyssinia; extending throughout India, 

 Ceylon, and the Tenasserim Provinces. 



Synopsis of Indian Species. 



D. 11, A. 7, L. 1. 33-30. 4 barbels. Inter- 

 orbital space convex. Head 4 to 5 in 

 the total length. A black spot behind ^ill- 

 opening and generally a band along the side. 1. D. lamia, p. 246. 



