CSTRINID.E. CTPRININ^. 283 



14. Genus SCAPHIODON*, Heckel. 



Syn. Capoeta, sp., and C/tondrostotna, sp., Cuv. & Val. ; Dillonia, Gymno- 

 stomus, sp., Heckel. 



Abdomen rounded. Snout rounded. Mouth transverse, in- 

 ferior, with the mandibular edge nearly straight and sharp ; without 

 any knob above the symphysis. The mandibles angularly bent 

 inwards. A horny layer inside the lower jaw, which is not 

 covered by lip. No lower labial fold. Barbals four, two, or 

 absent. Pharyngeal teeth plough-shaped, 5 or 4, 3, 2/2, 3, 4 or 5. 

 Dorsal fin of moderate extent, its last undivided ray being osseous 

 and serrated or entire, or else articulated. Anal rather short. 

 Scales large, of moderate or small size, and sometimes irregularly 

 disposed. Lateral line passing to the centre of the base of the 

 caudal fin. 



Geographical Distribution. Rivers of Western Asia extending 

 from those of Eastern Arabia to those in Sitid and along the 

 Western Grhats, as low as the Nilgiri hills and rivers at their base. 



Synopsis of Indian Species. 



A. A pair of maxillary barbels. Last undivided 



dorsal ray osseous, serrated. 



D. 13, L. 1. 33, L. tr. 6/6 1. S. toatsoni, p. 284. 



D. 13, L. 1. 36, L. tr. 9/9 2. S. irreyularis, p. 284. 



B. Barbels absent. 



D. 14-15, L. 1. 39. Last undivided dorsal ray 



articulated. Silvery 3. & thomassi, p. 285. 



* Genus CAEASSIUS, Nilsson. 



Abdomen rounded. Snout obtuse and rounded. Mouth anterior, arched, 

 and rather narrow ; lips thin. No barbels. Pharyngeal teeth compressed and 

 . in a single series, 4/4. Dorsal fin long, commencing opposite the ventrals, and 

 having its last undivided ray osseous and serrated ; last undivided anal ray 

 osseous and normally serrated. Scales of moderate size. Lateral line complete. 



Geographical Distribution. Temperate portions of Europe and Asia. 



CARASSIUS AURATUS. 



Cyprinus auratus, Linn. Syst. Rat. vol. i, p. 527. 

 Carassius auratus, Day, Fish. India, p. 552 (see synon.). 

 B. iii. D. 19-21 (3/16-18). P. 17. V. 9. A. 8 (3/5). 0. 19. L. 1. 27-29. 



L. tr. 6/10. Vert. 18/13. 



The gold carp is too well known to require any detailed description. 

 Domesticated forms exhibit almost endless variation. 



Mr. Masters is said to have sent three adult specimens from Bombay to the 

 British Museum. Dr. J. Anderson brought examples from high up in Upper 

 Burma, or rather within the borders of China. I doubt whether this fish haa 

 ever been found wild in India or Burma. 



i 



