344 TELEOSTEI. PIIYSOSTOMI. 





be entirely behind the vertical from the posterior margin of the 

 orbit. Barbels four (Pachystomus, "Heckel," Bleeker), or two 

 (Bendilisis, Bleeker), or none (Barilius, Hara. Buch.); occasionally 

 very rudimentary ones are present. Pharyngeal teeth in two or 

 three rows, hooked, 5, 3 or 4, 2 or 1/1 or 2, 4 or 3, 5 ; or else 5, 2 or 3, 

 4/4, 3 or 2, 5. Dorsal fin without osseous ray, of moderate 

 length, inserted posteriorly to the ventrals, sometimes extending 

 to above the anal, which latter is somewhat elongated. Scales of 

 moderate or small size. Lateral line concave, continued on to the 

 middle or lower half of the caudal, or incomplete, or absent. 

 Gill-rakers very short or absent. 



The genera Barilius and Danio are somewhat difficult to diagnose 

 apart ; the former, however, has the snout compressed, the mouth 

 anterior, and usually spots or vertical bars on the body. In Danio 

 the upper jaw is rather broad, the mouth directed obliquely 

 upwards, the apex of the lower jaw being nearly or quite on a 

 level with the dorsal profile ; the body with longitudinal bands. 

 Adult specimens of Barilius have usually open pores or glands on 

 the snout and jaws. 



Geographical Distribution. Fresh waters of India, Ceylon, and 

 Burma, extending to the Malay Archipelago ; also found in the 

 Nile and East Africa. 



Synopsis of Indian Species. 



A. With four barbels. (Pachystomus.) 

 D. 9, A. 13-15, L. 1. 42-44, 10 vertical 



bars 1. ft. vaara. p. 345. 



D. 9, A. 12-13, I,. 1. 43. Back dark, sides 



silvery 2. B. modestus, p. 345. 



D. 9, A. 12, L. 1. 56-62. Silvery 3. B. radiolatm, p. 346. 



D. 9, A. 10, L. 1. 60-70. Twelve vertical 



bars 4. B. shacra, p. 346. 



D. 9, A. 9-10, L. 1. 40-43. Short vertical 



bars; each scale with a black spot in 



adults 5. B. bendelisis, p. 347. 



B With two barbels. (Bendilisis.') 



D. 9, A. 13-14, L. 1. 43-46. With 14 or 



15 vertical bars 6. B. barila, p. 348. 



C. Without or with only rudimentary barbels. 



(Barilius.) 

 D. 13, A. 16-17, L. 1. 38. A row of large 



spots 7. B. bakeri. p. 348. 



D. 10-12, A. 15-17, L. 1. 40. 15 vertical 



bars 8. B. gatensis, p. 349. 



D. 2-13, A. 14-16, L. 1. 38. Two rows 



of spots 9. B. canarensis. p. 350. 



D. 9, A. 13-14, L. 1. 39-42. Nine vertical 



bands 10. B. barna, p. 350. 



D. 9, A. 14, L. 1. 44-48. Two rows of 



spots 11. B. guttatus, p. 351. 



