377 



In the Indus they ascend in March and April, when the river is 

 swollen by the melting of Himalayan snow. They have been 

 observed in the Irravvaddy in Burma as high as Mandalay, in 

 October. They are excellent as food until they have deposited their 

 ova, when they become thin and unwholesome. Weirs in India are 

 destitute of fish-passes, and migratory fishes will probably soon be 

 exterminated in rivers spanned by these obstacles. 



Hob. Persian Gulf (ascending the Tigris), the coasts of Sind, 

 India, and Burma, passing up the large rivers to breed ; also the 

 Malay Archipelago. I have taken this fish as high as Delhi, and 

 Hamilton Buchanan records it from Agra and Cawnpore. 



471. (12.) Clupea kanagurta. 



Alosa kanagurta, Sleeker, Batav. Genootsch. Verhand. xxiv, Haring. 



'p. 34. 

 Clupea kauagurta, Day, Fish. India, p. 640, pi. clxii, fig. 4 (see 



synon.). 

 Keelee, Tel. 

 D.17. P. 16. V.8. A. 20-21. C. 19. L.I. 42-45. L.tr. 13-14. 



Length oT body 4^, height of body 3| to 3| in the total length. 

 Eyes diameter 4 in length of head, 1 diam. from end of snout, and 

 about 1 apart. Abdominal profile more convex than that of the 

 back. Width of opercle about | its height. Lower jaw scarcely 

 projects beyond the upper. The maxilla extends posteriorly to 

 below the hinder third of the orbit. Fins ventral situated rather 

 behind the middle of the dorsal. Scales regularly arranged : 

 scutes 27; 11 behind the base of the ventral fin. CoLur bluish 

 green above, gold dotted with purple on the sides and beneath. 

 Generally a row of about six or eight oval spots pass in a line from 

 behind the upper edge of the opercle along the side. Upper edge 

 of dorsal with a dark mark. 



Hab. East coast of Africa ; Sind, coasts of India to the Malay 

 Archipelago. 



472. (13.) Clupea toll. 



Alausa toli, Cut: 8f Val. H. N. Poiss. xx, p. 435. 



Clupea toli, Day, Fish. India, p. 041, pi. clxii, fig. 2 (see synon.). 



Oolum, Tamil ; Doung danna, Arracan ; Nur hilisha, Chittagong. 

 D. 16-17. P. 14. V.9. A. 19-20. C, 24. L. 1. 39-40. L.tr. 13-14. 



Length of head 5 to 5, height of body 3| to 4 in the total 

 length. Eyes diameter 4| in length of head, 1 diam. from end of 

 snout and also apart. Lower jaw rather projecting beyond the upper, 

 which latter is notched at its extremity. Width of opercle to | 

 its height. Fins ventral inserted under the commencement of 

 the last half of the dorsal fin. Caudal lobes longer than the head, 

 especially in adult examples. Scales regularly arranged, striated, 

 and \\ith erenulated edges. Scutes well developed, 17 to 18 before, 



