388 TELEOSTEI. PHTSOSTOMI. 



Third group. ENGKAULINA. 



7. Genus ENGRAULIS, Cuvier. 



Syn. Stolephorus, Lace"pede : Thi-i/ssa and Telara, Cuvier ; Sctipinna, 

 Swainson ; Pterengraulis, Lycenyraulis, Lycothrisaa, and HetentkrittUf 

 Gunther. 



Branchiostegals short and rather numerous. Gill-openings wide, 

 the membrane connecting the two sides short, thus leaving the 

 isthmus uncovered. Body oblong or elongated, compressed, and 

 serrated along the abdominal edge. Cleft of mouth deep, oblique ; 

 snout conical ; the upper jaw generally the longer ; maxillaries of 

 varying length, but always long, having a membranous attachment 

 to the cheeks. Teeth small, sometimes of unequal size, usually 

 present on the jaws, vomer, palatine and pterygoid bones. Scales 

 large or of moderate size. 



Geographical Distribution. Temperate and tropical seas and 

 rivers. 



Synopsis of Indian Species, 

 a. Dorsal fin in advance of anal. 



A. 40-41, L. 1. 44, L. tr. 11-12. Snout 

 slightly projecting. Maxilla nearly 



reaches base of pectoral fin 1. E. hamiltonii. p. 389. 



A. 40-43, L. 1. 39-40, L. tr. 11-12. Height 

 of body 3f in total. Maxilla reaches 



gill-opening 2. E. malalaricus, p. 389. 



A. 35-38, L. 1. 45, L. tr. 12. Maxilla 



reaches base of pectoral fin 3. E. mystax, p. 390. 



A. 34-38, L. 1. 36-38, L. tr. 9-10. Maxilla 



reaches gill-opening 4. E. kammalcnsis, p. 390. 



A. 29-32, L. 1. 41, L. tr. 8 '. 5. E. beelama, p. 391. 



A. 34-38, L. 1. 36-44, L. tr. 11. Maxilla 



reaches end of ventral fin 6. E. setirosfris, p. 391. 



A. 34-36, L. 1. 40-42, L. tr. 9-10. Maxilla 



reaches to origin of ventral fin 7. E. ditssvmieri, p. 39 L 



V j Dorsal fin partly or entirely above anal. 

 a'. Upper pectoral ray elongate. 



A. 70-80, L. 1. 52, L. tr. 14. Snout 



slightly projecting 8. E. tclara, p. 392. 



A. 60-64, L. 1. 54-56, L. tr. 14. Lower 



jaw slightly prominent 9. E. breviccps, p. 392. 



A. 51-57, L. 1. 42-46, L. tr. 12. Snout 



slightly projecting 10. E. taty, p. 393. 



V. Upper pectoral ray not elongate; abroad 

 silvery lateral band. 



A. 45-47 11. E. purava, p. 393. 



P. 15-16, A. 19-21. Maxilla reaches 



gill-opening 12. E. commersmiiamts, 



A. 19. Maxilla enlarged and truncated [p. 394. 



opposite mandibular joint 13. E. indicus, p. 394. 



P. 13. A. 20-22. Maxilla reaches gill- 

 opening 14. E. tri, p. 395. 



