CINNAMOMUM. 



parts of the Moluccas as well ; not found in Java, or the Papuan 

 islands. Blume. 



Bark when rubbed aromatic, like cloves, but less pungent and 

 sweeter, when chewed rather bitter and mucous. Leaves ovate or 

 lanceolate-oblong, finely acuminate, rather acute at the base, smooth, 

 obscurely netted underneath, with the lateral nerves vanishing at the 

 point. Racemes compound, or rather cymes trichotomous, terminal or 

 axillary, few-flowered. Segments of the calyx deciduous below the 

 apex. Bl. This is the tree that yields the true Culilawan bark of 

 which Dr. Blume has given a medical account in the "Tydschrift voor 

 natuurlyke Geschiedenis van J. Van der Hoeven, en W. H. De Vriese, 

 Amst. 1834. p. 46." This learned Botanist speaks of the " egregiae 

 hujus remedii virtutes in quibusdam morbis sanandis." For the following 

 memorandum concerning it I am indebted to Mr. Pereira: "Culilawan 

 bark is an aromatic stimulant like Cassia, with some astringency and a 

 flavour of cloves. It owes its medicinal activity to a combination of 

 volatile oil, resin, and bitter extractive. It is useful, as a carminative 

 and stomachic, in dyspeptic complaints, especially when given in com- 

 bination with the bitter tonics. It has been used in atonic gout, in 

 old diarrhoeas, &c. The dose of it in substance is from 10 grains to ^ 

 a drachm. The tincture of the Wirtemberg Pharmacopoeia is prepared 

 by digesting 4 ounces of bark in 1^ pint of spirit : the dose is 1 or 2 

 fluid drachms. The oil prepared by distillation may be used as the oils 

 of cloves, cassia, &c. The natives of Amboyna employ it internally 

 in paralysis of the bladder, and externally as a stimulating liniment in 

 contusions, paralysis, and arthritic complaints." It appears, from the 

 investigations of Blume, that the Culilawan bark of the shops consists 

 of a mixture of several Indian Barks, especially those of C. Sintoc 

 javanicum and xanthoneurum ; a confusion of no great importance 

 however, since " tales cortices inter se quam maxime sint similes et 

 magis etiam virtutibus medicis congruant." 



680. C. rubrum Blume Rumphia xxix. t. 11. f. 1. Laurus 

 Caryophyllus Lour, cochinch. i. 308.? Along with the last, 

 and probably also in Cochin-china. 



A middle sized tree. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, very long-pointed, 

 acute at the base, 3-nerved or shortly triple-nerved, smooth, with the 

 nerves running nearly through to the point. Racemes compound, or 

 rather cymes trichotomous, terminal or axillary, few-flowered. Seg- 

 ments of the calyx permanent in the fruit. Bl. Bark similar to 

 that of C. Culilawan, and hardly inferior. Loureiro says it contains 

 much more essential oil than that of Cinnamon, and smells of cloves, 

 but is not so agreeable. 



681. C. Sintoc Blume bijdr. 571. Rumphia xxx. txii. N. ab E. 

 laurin. 61. Nilgherry Mountains ; higher mountains of Java. 



A tree 80 feet high. Leaves ovate or lanceolate-oblong, bluntly 

 acuminate, (those next the flowers ovate and obtuse), scarcely acute at 

 the base, triple-nerved, smooth, obscurely netted beneath; the lateral 

 nerves often bifid at the base, and vanishing towards the point. Panicle 

 or compound cyme terminal, spreading, covered with a brown velvety 

 nap. Segments of the calyx deciduous at the base. The bark is in 

 quality very like that of the true Culilawan, aromatic in the same 

 degree, but less agreeable, and with a more bitter after-taste ; it is 

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