LICHENACE7E. 



Shields orbicular, peltate, beneath formed of the thallus ; the 

 disk coloured and surrounded by the elevated inflexed border, 

 formed also of the thallus. 



1337. B. furfuracea Ach. syn. 222. Hooker B. F. ii. 223. 

 Lichen furfuraceus E. B. t. 984?. Trunks and branches of 

 old trees, especially when decaying, and old pales. 



Thallus spreading, ascending, greyish -green, farinaceous, the segments 

 linear, attenuated, much divided and forked, the margin recurved, 

 deeply grooved, rugged and almost black beneath. Shields scattered, 

 very concave, inflated, red-brown with a thin reflexed border. Re- 

 puted to be an astringent and febrifuge. 



EVERNIA. 



Thallus subcrustaceous, branched and laciniated, angled or 

 compressed, cottony within (" intus stuppeus "). Shields orbi- 

 cular, scutelliform, sessile ; the disk concave, coloured, with an 

 inflexed border formed of the thallus. 



1338. E. Prunastri Ach. syn. 245. Hooker B. F. ii. 224. 

 Lichen Prunastri E. Bot. t. 859. Trunks and branches of 

 irees, common. 



Thallus erect, greenish-white, much branched, pitted and rugged, 

 flat; the segments linear, attenuate, somewhat grooved and paler 

 beneath. Shields bright-brown, concave, elevated, with an inflexed 

 border. Recommended in pulmonary affections ; also, as an astrin- 

 gent and febrifuge. It has a peculiar power of imbibing and retaining 

 odours, and is in some request as an ingredient in sweet pots and ladies' 

 sachets. 



USNEA. 



Thallus subcrustaceous, rounded, branched, generally pendu- 

 lous, with a central thread. Shields (orbillae), orbicular, terminal, 

 peltate, entirely formed of the substance of the thallus and nearly 

 of the same colour, the circumference mostly without a border 

 and (generally) ciliated. 



1339. U. plicata Ach. synops. 305. Hooker B. F. ii. 226. 

 Lichen plicatus E. B. t. 237. Common on old trees and park 

 pales. 



Thallus pendulous, smooth, pale, branches lax, much divided, sub- 

 fibrillose, the ultimate ones capillaceous. Shields plane, broad, ciliated, 

 the ciliae slender and very long. Mentioned as a remedy for hooping- 

 cough. 



CLADONIA. 



Thallus somewhat shrubby, branched, rarely simple, leafy 

 with scales, which are often evanescent, branches cartilaginous, 

 rigid, fistulose, all attenuated and subulate, divided, fertile, gene- 

 rally perforated in the axils. Shields (cephalodia) sessile, 

 orbicular, convex, capituliform, not bordered, fixed by the cir- 



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