LILIACEAE. 6l 



shorter than the petals; petals ovate, obtuse, greenish- white with a purple- 

 violet blotch at base, very hairy on the upper surface; nectary covered by a 

 fringed scale. Common especially in open pine woods. 



Calochortus nitidus Dougl. Stems slender, 30-50 cm. tall; cauline leaves 

 2, the lower nearly as long as the stem; flowers usually 2-4 in an umbel-like 

 cyme; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 cm. long, scarious-margined, purple 

 tinged; petals cuneate-obovate, truncate or rounded, lilac-purple, sparsely 

 hairy over the upper surface, about 4 cm. long; nectary oblong, covered with 

 a small densely hairy scale, the whole surrounded with several arched bands 

 of yellow and purple; capsule oval, acuminate, prominently winged, 2-3 cm. 

 long. Common in low meadows. 



Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl. Stems stout, 30-60 cm. tall; leaves 

 3-5, involute, narrow, 7-15 cm. long; flowers 1-4; sepals greenish or purplish, 

 lanceolate, acuminate, scarious-margined, 3-5 cm. long, equalling the petals; 

 petals broadly obovate, abruptly acuminate, pink-purple, paler toward the 

 base; nectary oblong, hairy; capsule lance-oblong, not winged, 3-4 cm. long. 

 Dry hills, quite common. A white flowered form rarely occurs. 



78. ERYTHRONIUM. ADDER'S TONGUE. 



Low herbs, from deep membranous-coated corms; stem simple; 

 leaves but one pair, broad or narrow, usually below the middle 

 of the stem where it rises from the ground and thus appears 

 basal; flowers large, nodding, bractless, solitary or several; 

 perianth-segments separate, lanceolate, oblong or oblanceolate ; 

 stamens 6, hypogynous, shorter than the perianth; ovary sessile, 

 3-celled ; ovules numerous or several in each cavity. 



Anthers purple; perianth yellow. E. grandiflorum. 

 Anthers white. 



Perianth white. E. grandiflorum candidum. 



Perianth yellow. E. parviflorum. 



Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh. Scape 15-30 cm. tall; corm elongate; 

 leaves dark green, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 10-20 cm. long; petioles short, 

 grooved above; flowers solitary or rarely 2-6 in a cluster; perianth segments 

 yellow, pale at base, becoming recurved; anthers purple; capsule oblanceolate, 

 attenuate at base, 2-3 cm. long. Abundant on north hillsides. 



Erythronium grandiflorum candidum Piper n. subsp. Flowers wholly 

 white. Near Cheney, Professor J. W. Hungate. 



Erythronium parviflorum (Wats.) Goodding. Very similar to E. grandi- 

 florum, but usually a little smaller; flowers paler, the perianth segments usually 

 shorter; anthers white. In Blue Mountains at 1500 to 2000 meters altitude. 

 This species or perhaps subspecies always replaces E. grandiflorum in the 

 mountains and the two seem never to grow together. 



79. FRITILLARIA. 



Bulbous herbs; stems simple, leafy; inflorescence of rather 

 large nodding solitary or racemed leafy-bracted flowers ; perianth 

 mostly campanulate, of 6 separate and nearly equal oblong or 

 ovate segments, each with a nectar-pit or spot at the base; 

 stamens 6, hypogynous; ovary nearly or quite sessile, 3-celled; 

 ovules numerous in each cavity. 



