182 UMBELLIFERAE. 



261. ZIZIA. 



Smooth perennials with simple to ternately compound leaves ; 

 involucre none; involucels of small bractlets; flowers yellow; 

 calyx- teeth prominent; stylopodium wanting; styles long; fruit 

 flattened laterally, ovate to oblong, glabrous; central fruit of each 

 umbellet sessile; carpel with filiform ribs; oil-tubes large and 

 solitary in the broad intervals, 2 on the commissural side and a 

 small one in each rib; seed terete, longitudinally grooved beneath 

 the oil-tubes. 



Zizia cordate (Walt.) Koch. Glabrous, 30-80 cm. tall; lower leaves 

 simple, cordate, crenately toothed, 2-8 cm. long, sometimes lobed or even 

 ternate, mostly long-petioled ; upper leaves short-petioled, palmately com- 

 pound, of 3-5 leaflets, ovate or lanceolate, incised and serrate; fruit ovate, 3 

 mm. long. Common in copses. 



262. CICUTA. 



Smooth poisonous marsh perennials; leaves pinnately com- 

 pound; leaflets serrate; involucre of few bracts or none; in- 

 volucels of several slender bractlets; flowers white; calyx- teeth 

 rather prominent; stylopodium low, sometimes low-conical; 

 fruit flattened laterally, oblong to orbicular, glabrous; carpels 

 with strong flattish corky ribs, the lateral largest, at least in 

 section; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, two on the commis- 

 sural side ; seed nearly terete or 'somewhat dorsally flattened with 

 face from plane to slightly concave. 



Fruit oblong. C. occidenlalis. 



Fruit orbicular. C. vagans. 



Cicuta occidentals Greene. Poison Parsnip. Stout, 60-90 cm. high, 

 glabrous or nearly so; rootstock short and thick; leaves twice-pinnate; the 

 leaflets lanceolate, sharply serrate, acute, short-petioled, thickish, conspic- 

 uously veined; fruit oblong, 3-4 mm. long. Moist places, not rare. 



Cicuta vagans Greene. Very similar to C, occidenlalis in all respects but 

 the fruits orbicular, 2-3 mm. long. In wet places but much less common 

 than C. occidenlalis. 



263. CARUM. CARAWAY. 



Smooth erect slender herbs; roots fascicled, tuberous or fusi- 

 form; leaves pinnate, with few linear leaflets; involucels of few 

 to many bracts; flowers white; calyx- teeth prominent for the 

 size of the fruit; stylopodium conical; fruit compressed laterally, 

 orbicular to oblong, glabrous; carpels with filiform or incon- 

 spicuous ribs; oil-tubes large and solitary in the intervals, 2-6 

 on the commissural side; seeds dorsally flattened, more or less 

 longitudinally grooved beneath the oil-tubes, the face plane or 

 slightly concave. 



Carum gairdneri (H. & A.) Gray. Stems erect, slender, 30-100 cm. 

 tall, simple or branched above; roots fusiform, clustered; leaves few, mostly 



