PYROLACEAE. 185 



flowers; style 1; ovary 1-2-celled, with one ovule in each cell; 

 fruit a 1-2-seeded drupe. 



269. CORNUS. DOGWOOD. 



Herbs or shrubs (in ours) ; leaves opposite, sometimes appar- 

 ently whorled, entire; flowers perfect, in a cyme or head-like 

 cluster; calyx minutely 4-toothed; petals 4, oblong or ovate; 

 stamens 4, with slender filaments ; style 1 ; drupe ovoid or oblong, 

 with a 2-celled 2-seeded stone. 



Flowers in head-like cymes with a conspicuous involucre; fruit 



red. C. canadensis. 



Flowers in loose cymes, not involucrate; fruit white or blue. 



Cyme branches and leaves appressed-pubescent beneath. C. stolonifera. 



Cyme branches and leaves loosely pubescent beneath. C. occidentalis. 



Cornus canadensis L. Perennial herb, 10-20 cm. high, the rootstocks 

 woody ; stems scaly below, bearing 2 or 3 pairs of leaves above, forming a false 

 whorl and sometimes a pair near the middle; leaves ovate or oblong, acute or 

 acuminate, narrowed at base, sessile, entire, sparsely puberulent, 2-4 cm. long; 

 peduncle solitary, 4-5 cm. long; involucral bracts 4-6, white, ovate, 8-16 mm. 

 long; flowers greenish, small, in dense heads; fruit bright red, globular, 4 mm. 

 in diameter. In rich woods, in the mountains. 



Cornus stolonifera Michx. Shrub, 1-3 m. high, with bright red twigs, 

 these usually puberulent when young; leaves opposite, entire, ovate or oval, 

 acuminate or acute, cuneate at base, appressed-puberulent or glabrous, paler 

 beneath, 48 cm. long; petiole 1-2 cm. long; cymes short-peduncled, 2-6 cm. 

 broad, usually appressed-puberulent; flowers white, 6-8 mm. broad; fruit 

 globose, blue; stone somewhat flattened, usually broader than long. Common 

 along streams. 



Cornus occidentalis (T. & G.) Coville. Very similar to C. stolonifera but 

 more or less pubescent with loose not appressed hairs, especially the under 

 side of the leaves, the twigs and the inflorescence; fruit whitish. Along streams 

 about Spokane. 



Family 67. PYROLACEAE. PYROLA FAMILY. 



Perennial green herbs or chlorophyll-less and leafless root- 

 parasites or saprophytes; flowers solitary, racemose or corym- 

 bose, often on a scape, perfect, nearly regular; calyx 2-6-lobed 

 or parted, free from the ovary; corolla gamopetalous and 5- 

 toothed or of 5 separate petals; stamens 10, with one- or two- 

 horned anthers; ovary superior, 4- or 5-celled; style short or 

 slender, often declined; capsule globose, 4- or 5-lobed, loculicidally 

 4- or 5-valved. 



Petals united almost to the tips. 270. PTEROSPORA, 186. 

 Petals free almost or quite to the base. 



Flowers solitary. 271. MONESES, 186. 

 Flowers not solitary. 



Infloresence a corymb; style short. 272. CHIMAPHILA, 186. 



Inflorescence a raceme; style mostly long. 273. PYROLA, 187. 



