278 COMPOSITAE. 



medium or large; ray-flowers yellow, sterile; disk-flowers yellow, 

 brownish or dark-purple ; receptacle flat or convex; pappus a pair 

 of early-falling chaffy scales or awns ; akenes neither very flat nor 

 winged; ray-akenes laterally compressed; disk-akenes 4-angled, 

 compressed. 



Helianthus annuus L. Annual, the stems rough-hairy, erect, 1-2 m. high 

 or depauperate forms much smaller; leaves alternate, except the lowest, all 

 petioled, 3-ribbed at base, ovate, acute, dentate or entire, very rough on both 

 sides, the lower somewhat cordate, very variable in size; heads 5-15 cm. broad; 

 receptacle flat or depressed; chaff shorter than the flowers, usually 3-cleft; 

 disk dark-colored; akenes pubescent, 5-8 mm. long; pappus of 2 scales. 

 Common in dry meadows in the lower valleys. 



416. GRINDELIA. GUM PLANT. 



Biennial or perennial herbs; leaves sessile or partly clasping; 

 heads yellow, medium or rather large, solitary, terminating leafy 

 branches, or occasionally more or less corymbose, many-flowered, 

 gummy; rays fertile, numerous, narrow, or rarely none; in- 

 volucral-scales numerous, narrow; receptacle flat or convex; 

 pappus of 2-8 rigid and early-deciduous awns; style-branches 

 tipped with an appendage; akenes compressed or turgid or the 

 outermost somewhat 3-angled. 



Grindelia nana Nutt. Stems erect, 15-60 cm. high, simple or branched 

 above; basal leaves spatulate, petioled, the upper sessile and partly clasping, 

 entire or serrate, glabrous; heads hemispherical, 10-14 mm. broad; bracts 

 with slender revolute tips, sticky- viscid ; rays 16-30, 5-8 cm. long; akenes 

 narrow, somewhat 2-toothed at summit; pappus awns 2 or 3. In thin soils, 

 usually abundant where found. 



417. ERIOPHYLLUM. 



Perennial herbs, sometimes shrubby at base; leaves usually 

 alternate and entire or pinnately or ternately parted or lobed; 

 ray-flowers present, fertile; involucre campanulate or obovoid; 

 bracts erect, commonly united at base, oval or oblong; pappus of 

 nerveless and mostly pointless scales; throat or limb of disk- 

 corollas rather narrow ; style-branches truncate or rarely minutely 

 tipped; akenes narrow, mostly 4-angled. 



Akenes glandular. E. multiflorum. 

 Akenes glabrous or nearly so. 



Leaves all entire or subentire. E. pedunculatum. 



Leaves mostly cleft or parted. E. lanatum. 



Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydb. Much like E. pedunculatum and 

 equally variable; leaves of the flowering stems varying from linear to oblanceo- 

 late, entire or 3-lobed at the apex, those of the sterile shoots 5-7-lobed or cleft; 

 akenes glandular, 4 mm. long. Common especially in the sagebrush region. 



