JUGOSLAVIA 193 



foundations or corporations. The State ownership, however, is hardly 

 four per cent. 



The annual cut of the entire forest area now held by Italy is 

 estimated to be slightly in excess of 450,000,000 cubic feet. Imports 

 amount to about 130,000,000 cubic feet, chiefly in the form of material 

 for construction purposes. A policy of State acquisition and reforesta- 

 tion of lands is being carried on. Laws have been passed to check 

 stripping of lands, and a mandatory reforestation act was passed in 

 1910. There is an Italian Forest Service, actively supported by various 

 private organizations, and the National Forest Institute of Florence 

 trains foresters for the higher grade work. 



Italian Africa 



Italy's possessions in Africa have no particular commercial value, 

 Tripoli having the only stand that can be considered in this category. 

 No system is in vogue to administer what forests there are. 



Japan 



The total forest area of Japan, including Chosen, Formosa and 

 Saghalien, is ninety million acres, with 46,000,000 acres on the island 

 of Japan itself. The ownership of the forests in Japan proper is 

 about two-thirds by the State, crown, communes or church, and the 

 other third private. Forests are classified according to the purposes 

 they serve in protecting watershed, etc., in providing timber and in 

 being assets of communities. They are exploited accordingly, turning 

 out about two and one-quarter billion cubic feet a year, some 35,000,- 

 ooo cubic feet being exported. The recent earthquake has made Japan 

 temporarily, at least, an importer of American western timber. Japan 

 has been actively building up her forest resources during the past 

 decade, planting more than 300,000 acres to forest every year. Four 

 schools are maintained to train technical foresters for the forest 

 service and a forest experiment station was established in 1899 

 near Tokio. 



Jugoslavia 



Carved out of Austria and Hungary and augmented by the inclu- 

 sion of several other states, Jugoslavia has a forest area of 17,000,000 

 acres. Political conditions still obscure the status of this area in the 

 eyes of the government, but there was a large proportion of State 



