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dent that if the boundaries of the fifteen types of land into which the 

 area was divided were run out by the ordinary methods of survey, the 

 work would take a long time and considerable money. Foresters 

 have a method of map making which is rough and ready, but quick and 

 cheap. Briefly, it consisted in running a series of lines with a hand 

 compass and chain from the shore of the pond to the top of the water- 

 shed. The average distance between the lines was from 70 to 80 rods. 

 On the eastern side topography was put in, but on the opposite side 

 the city engineer is doing the same work by accurate methods of survey, 

 so that we did not attempt to duplicate this work. The basis of this 

 topographical work was obtained by levelling all the roads, and taking 

 readings from an aneroid barometer while running the lines. Ordi- 

 narily, forest land does not vary a great deal within narrow limits; 

 but the territory around the pond has been cut up into many small 

 farms and woodlots, so that there is an intricate mingling of different 

 types which offered considerable difficulty to a method of survey in- 

 tended for large areas of forest in the wilderness. The map serves its 

 purpose, however, and that is, to give the approximate area of the 

 different types, so that some estimate of the amount of work to be done 

 and the cost thereof can be made. 



TYPES OF LAND. 



The entire watershed of North Watuppa Pond covers 5,775 acres; 

 but as plans are now under way to divert the waters of Cress and 

 Highland brooks into the Quequechan River, on account of the 

 pollution of their waters, their watersheds were omitted from the map, 

 so that the total area surveyed is 4,784 acres. Of this area the city 

 owns or controls 2,940, leaving 1,844 still to be acquired by it. 



The whole watershed can be divided into two main types, land 

 with and land without tree growth. A large part of the former is 

 around the northern half of the pond. There are 3,232 acres of the 

 forested land to 1,552 of the non-forested. Of the city-owned land, 

 2,507 acres are forested and 433 acres cleared; while on the private 

 land conditions are reversed, only 705 acres being forested and 1,119 

 acres cleared. It is unfortunate that so much of the open land that 

 should be planted to tree growth is not in the hands of the city. 



For purposes of treatment and description, the area has been divided 

 into fifteen different types, ten of which lie in the forested portion of 

 the watershed, and the rest includes the cleared portion. Twelve of 

 the types are common to both the city and non-city land. 



Even with this rather minute division, there is a good deal of varia- 

 tion in a single type. Often it was not easy to decide in what class to 



