290 



INDEX. 



Beardmore on decay of iron, 143 

 Belcher, Sir E., on height of waves, 35 

 Bell Rock lighthouse, decay of iron at, 



142 

 Benching rock in foundations, 262, 263, 



265 



Biarritz breakwater, 211, 215 

 Blasting rock, 92-94, 101-104 

 Blocks. See also Concrete blocks 

 , weight of, in Colombo and Mor- 



mugao breakwaters, 196 

 , , in Manora and Re'union 



breakwaters, 194 



, , in pell-mell mounds, 214, 215 



, , in stepped block- work, 213 



Block-setting, 179-183, 253-255 



, appliances for, 254 



Boats, fishing, description of and value, 



171 

 Bond of block-work, 278-283 



, dovetailed, 281, 282 



, horizontal, 279 



in Tyne piers, 283 



, sloping bslock, 282, 283 



, vertical, 278 



Booms, 167, 233 



"Bore," 61, 62 



Boring rock for blasting, 96-100 



Breaking waves, 26, 30 



Breakwaters, classification of, 172, 173 



, cost of, 216-221 



, , affected by range of tide, 



58-60 

 . , effect of falling water on roadways 



of, 80-82, 178 



. , floating, 231-235 



, isolated, on sandy coasts, 286, 287 



, maintenance of, 216-221 



, types of, in nature, 231 



, various methods of constructing, 



236-256 



Breakwaters of mound type, 197-213 

 , cost of maintenance compares 



favourably with that of breakwaters 



of vertical type, 201 

 , direction of rubble-mound 



breakwaters should be as square to 



waves as possible, 202 

 , objection to rubble-mound 



type, 200 



, pell-mell blocks, 208-212 

 1 backed with rubble, 



209, 210 



Breakwaters of mound type, pell-mell 



blocks on rubble base, 209 

 , with superstructure, 



209, 210 

 , rubble mound, faced and 



capped with pell-mell blocks, 209 

 1 f faced and capped with 



stepped block-work, 212, 213 

 , with superstructure, 



the seaward slope being faced with 



pell-mell blocks, 211 

 , slopes assumed by rubble 



mounds at various depths, 198-200 

 Breakwaters of vertical type, 173, 175- 



197 



, concrete blocks laid in hori- 

 zontal courses, 179-183 

 , laid in sloping courses, 



181, 193-197 

 , on base of mass-work, 



183, 184 

 , concrete in mass, deposited 



within temporary frames, 183-187 

 , side walls of masonry, with 



hearting of dry rubble, 177-179 



, timber-framed, 175-177 



Bristol Channel, tides in, 51 

 Broken stone, used for levelling founda- 

 tions under water, 268, 269, 273 

 Buys Ballot's law, 15 



C 



Calver, depth of wave-disturbance, 28 



, design for wave-screen, 228-230 



Cape Horn, height of waves at, 35 



Carey-Latham concrete-mixing machine, 

 117, 118 



Cast iron, durability of, in sea-water, 

 142, 143 



Catania new mole, particulars relating 

 to, 218 



Cay, Dyce, first used large bags of 

 concrete at Aberdeen, 189 



Cements, 124-131 



Chain mats used at Holyhead to check 

 .movement of rubble, 202 



Chalk, analysis of, 124 



unsuitable for sea- works, 112 



Charts, weather, 6, 14 



Chelura terebrans, 132, 133 



Cherbourg breakwater, particulars re- 

 lating to, 217 



