INDEX. 



291 



Chesil Bank, depth of wave-disturbance 



at, 28 



Clarke, Sir Andrew, on Alderney break- 

 water, 208 

 Clay, analysis of, 124 



, founding upon, 273 



Clouds, significance of, 18, 19 

 Coast-line, configuration of, affects winds 



and currents, 4 



Coasts, exposure of, 73-75, 86, 88 

 Colombo, breakwater at, 194-196, 220 

 , disturbance of rubble by waves at, 



201 



, height of waves at, 74 



, settlement of breakwater at, 181, 



277 

 Concrete, bag-work, 181, 188-193, 261 



, early use of, 113 



, made with hydraulic lime, 114, 



115, 119, 120 

 , made with Roman cement, 122,123 



, mass-work, 183-187 

 , , in under-water foundations, 



262-264, 266-268 

 , mixing by hand and by machines, 



116 



mixing machines, 116-118 



, proportions of ingredients, 115, 



119-123, 185, 187, 191 

 Concrete blocks, advantages of using 



large, in breakwaters, 179 



, moulds for making, 118-119 



, proportions of ingredients in, 119- 



122 

 should be laid as headers," 183, 



279 

 should not be stacked, or used in 



work, when too " green," 122 



, stone faced, 123 



, weight of, in Colombo and Mor- 



mugao breakwaters, 196 

 , , in Manora and Ke'union break- 

 waters, 194 



, , in pell-mell mounds, 214, 215 



, , in stepped block-work, 213 



Considerations affecting design of har- 

 bours, 146-149 

 Contours of sea-bed affect direction of 



waves, 74 

 Coode, Sir John, concrete - mixing 



machine, 116 

 , , on depth of wave-disturbance, 



28 



Coode, Sir John, on injurious effect of 



mound of Aldernoy breakwater, 205 

 Copper sheathing, used for protecting 



timber, 134 



Corrosion of iron in sea-water, 139--145 

 Cost of breakwaters, 216-221 

 Cranes. See Setting-machines 

 Creosoted timber, useful for sea-works, 



134 



Crests upon waves, how formed, 31 

 Cuba hurricane, diagram of, 5 

 Currents, 63-72 



affect height of waves, 71, 72 



, effect of wind on, 67, 68 



, littoral, misconception concerning, 



71 

 , , velocity of, increased by 



breakwaters projected across them, 70 



, origin of, 63 



, scouring power of, 160 



sometimes run counter to prevail- 

 ing winds, 68, 69 

 , strong, across harbour entrances 



objectionable, 159 

 , , out of harbours objectionable, 



72, 160 

 , temporary, sometimes caused by 



wind, 68 

 Curved profiles for sea-walls, 205, 207, 



271 

 Cyclones, 5, 14. See also Gales, 



Hurricanes, Storms 



, rate of progress of, 6, 7 



, typical diagram of, 6 



Damage to sea-works often greatest 



when gale is subsiding, 32 

 Danger of open joints in sea- works, 107- 



109, 207, 243, 244 

 Decay of iron, 139-145 



of rocks, 105, 111, 112 



Declination of sun and moon affects 



tides, 48-50 

 Deep water, value of, at harbour 



entrances, 159, 168-170 

 De Horsey, Admiral, on height of waves, 



36 

 Depth of water affects height and 



character of waves, 25 

 Depths to which wave-action is felt, 27- 



29, 201, 202 



