INDEX. 



293 



Foundations, small stone used for level- 

 ling, 268, 269, 273 

 Founding upon clay, 273 

 gravel, 273 



mud, 271, 272 



rock, 257-270 



- rubble, 273, 274 



sand, 270, 271 



FraserburgU breakwater, 192, 220 

 Free waves, 33 



Fuudy, tidal range in Bay of, 51 

 Fuses for firing charges in quarrying, 

 103, 104 



G 



Gales. See also Cyclones, Hurricanes, 



Storms, etc. 



, course of, 16 



, extent of, 5-7 



, forecasting, 14 



, list of, in Britain, with velocity 



over 80 miles per hour, 12 



, progress of, 6, 7 



, relative frequency of, on British 



coasts, 13 

 Gambia, s.s., rate of corrosion of plates, 



etc., 141, 142 

 Genoa new mole, particulars relating 



to, 216 



Gradient, barometric, 14, 15 

 Granite suitable for sea-works, 111 



, weight of, 110 



Gravel, founding upon, 273 

 Greenheart, 131, 134-136 



attacked by sea-worms, 135 



suitable for sea- works, 136 



Ground plans of harbours, 152-160, 169 



Ground swell, 33, 34 



Grouting, 268, 269 



Gulf Stream affects course of storms, 68 



Halos, significance of, 19 



Harbours, considerations affecting design 



of, 146-149 



, fishery, 165-171 



, ground plans of, 152-160, 169 



, no general rules can be laid down 



for design of, 146 



on sandy coasts, 286, 287 



Harbours of refuge, requirements they 



should fulfil, 148, 149 



Harcourt, Vernon, description of Alder- 



ney breakwater, 30, 276 

 Hawkshaw, Sir John, on failure of Alder- 



ney breakwater, 207, 208 

 Hays, design for wave-screen, 225-227 

 Hayter, Harrison, on Holyhead harbour 



and quarries, 95 

 Headers, blocks in breakwaters should 



be laid as, 279 

 Hearting, danger of loose rubble, 178, 



179, 207 



Height of waves, 12, 34-39, 74 

 Hercules. See Setting-machines 

 Herring fisheries, description and value 



of boats employed in, 171 



, value of, 169, 170 



llolburn Head, power of waves at, 80-82 



Holding-ground, 148 



Holyhead breakwater, effect of mound 



upon waves, 31 



, head of, 223 



, mode of depositing rubble in 



mound, 240, 241 



, particulars relating to, 216 



, slopes assumed by mound, 



198, 199 



, staging, 238, 240, 245 



, quarrying at, 92-96 



Horizontal bedding of block- work, 179- 



181, 278, 279 



Hurricane, great Cuba, diagram of, 5 

 , of November, 1893, description of 



10-12 



1 



Icebergs act as floating breakwaters, 231 

 , waves break against vertical faces 



of, 174 

 Impact of waves (see aho Power of 



waves), 26, 40 

 Iron, 138 

 , corrosion of, in sea-water, 139-145 



, preservation of, 144 

 Ironwood, 131, 137 

 Isobars, 14 

 Isolated breakwaters on sandy coasts 



286, 287 



J 

 Jarrah, 131, 134, 137 



, very liable to split, 137 



Joggles, 279, 280, 283 



, danger of loose, 280 



in under- water work, 280 



U 3 



