CONTENTS xiii 



PAGES 



social strata, p. 239 Stature not a measure of vigour, p. 239 Repro- 

 ductive selection: supposed effect upon stature, p. 240 Conclusion, 

 p. 241. 



III. DISEASE ..... . 242-249 



Part played by disease in evolution, p. 242 Tuberculosis, p. 244 

 Diseases due to microbes : their reduced destructiveness, p. 246 Other 

 declining causes of death, p. 247 Constitutional diseases, p. 248 Con- 

 clusion, p. 249. 



IV. DEFECT ........ 250-264 



Deaf-dumbness, p. 250 Teeth, p. 259 Eyesight, p. 261 Summary, 

 p. 263. 

 V. NERVE STRAIN . ..... 264-267 



The classes, if any, that suffer, p. 265 Insanity, p. 268. 



VI. ALCOHOL ........ 267-270 



Love of strong drink characteristic of most races, p. 267 Percentage 

 of deaths due to alcohol, p. 268 Influence of alcohol upon evolution, 

 p. 269. 



VII. SUMMING UP OF EVIDENCE ..... 271-275 



Adaptation to environment only a matter of time, p. 271 Protected and 

 unprotected qualities, p. 271 Where the range of variation tolerated is 

 great, degeneration will be rapid, p. 273 Other races supply a criterion, 

 p. 274. 



VIII. POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ACCELERATION IN THE FUTURE . . 275-278 



Socialism, p. 275 The declining birth-rate, p. 276. 



IX. POSSIBLE MEANS OF CHECKING DEGENERATION . . . 278-280 



Improvement of conditions not a real remedy, p. 278 Immigration of 

 men of hardier races, p. 280 The question postponed (see Chap. XII.), 

 p. 280. 



Chapter IV 

 MORAL EVOLUTION 



I. RUDIMENTARY MORAL GOODNESS . . . . . 281-282 



Birds and mammals: parental affection and sociability, p. 281 Natural 

 Selection becomes not less but more efficient, p. 281. 



II. THE PLACE OF MORALITY AND RELIGION . . . 282-294 



Science and altruism weaken the action of Natural Selection upon 

 individuals, p, 282 The nation and the individual : apparent antagonism 

 of interests, p. 285 Intervention of religion, p. 285 The nobler Hedon- 

 ism, p. 288 Morality, p. 288 Antagonism of religion and reason, p. 

 288 Recapitulation, p. 290 Evolution and origin not the same thing, 

 p. 290 Evil, p. 291 Bees: their limitations, p. 292 The tendency of 

 evolution among men, p. 293 Two possible misunderstandings, p. 293. 



