210 PROBLEMS OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 



species, has survived or perished according as it has been able 

 or unable to compete with its rivals. For the nation success 

 depended on the possession of certain qualities (physical energy, 

 courage, and loyalty being important among them), and also on 

 the accumulation of wealth, and the advance of science and of 

 law, things which require periods of peace and a settled form of 

 government. Northern nations have been able to pile up wealth 

 by means of the arts of peace, while yet long retaining much of 

 Southern their hardihood. Southern civilisations, on the other hand, have 

 1V tions Deen swept away by barbarous or half barbarous enemies, or if 

 they have survived in places, because sheltered from attack, they 

 show no signs of progress. There is plenty of the Aryan blood 

 in India, but there is very little of what we call Aryan energy. 

 It is to be hoped that the Pax Britannica will not kill out the 

 vigour of the Sikh, but it is much to be feared that it will, and 

 that the process has already begun. 



In the New World there are monuments in plenty of southern 

 civilisations that have passed away. " Great as are the works of 

 prehistoric man in Britannia, Gaul and Mauritania, they are 

 rivalled by those of pre-historic man in the New World. Refer- 

 ence has been already made to the barbaric mound-builders of 

 the Mississippi basin. South of their somewhat formless struc- 

 tures, follow in almost unbroken succession the casas grandes of 

 the Pueblo Indians (New Mexico and Arizona) : the truncated 

 pyramids and other remains of the Toltecs and their Nahua 

 successors ( Anahuac-Tableland) ; the palace of Mitla (South 

 Mexico), of almost classic beauty ; the elaborately ornamented 

 temples, palaces, ' convents,' raised by the Mayas of Palenque, 

 Uxmal, Chichen-Itza, and other cities of Yucatan; the great 

 temples of the sun, the causeways, aqueducts, and terraced 

 slopes of the Peruvian Quichuas. Some of these are pre-historic, 

 while others reach well into the historic period. But none can 

 compare in magnitude and exquisite finish with the stupendous 

 megalithic edifices of doubtful origin, which stand in an almost 

 uninhabitable region near 'the southern shores of Lake Titicaca 

 on the Bolivian plateau." 1 There was less freedom of inter- 



1 A. H. Keane, Ethnology, p. 138. 



