FOOD FISHES 49 



the frames on which the great fish are hung to dry, and even 

 the preparation of the bait gives employment to thousands 

 of the population, being sold to fishermen of other countries 

 as well as to Newfoundlanders. 



The livers of the fish are boiled, and the oil which collects 

 upon the surface is collected, and after further purification 

 forms the Cod liver oil with which we are familiar. 



The capital of Newfoundland, St. John's, has a fine deep 

 harbour, and it is from here that the produce, of the fisheries 

 is exported. 



Haddock belong to the same family as cod, which they 

 greatly resemble, but they are smaller, and they have on their 

 shoulders a curious black patch, while their dorsal fin is 

 pointed and curved like a sickle. They abound in the northern 

 part of the North Sea, those of Loch Findon, in Kincardineshire, 

 being especially famous. They are found on sandy bottoms, 

 and hence in association with flat-fish, especially plaice. 



' In the northern part of the North Sea the staple produce 

 of the trawl always consists of haddocks and plaice. Without 

 these two kinds of fish, especially haddock, the enormous 

 fleets of steam trawlers which now range these waters could 

 not be kept at work at all. From one hundred and fifty to 

 two hundred boxes of haddock are often landed at Grimsby 

 after a week's fishing or even less on the Dogger Bank.' l 



Ling, coalfish, and hake also belong to the cod family. 

 The Ling is a fish measuring from two to four feet and often 

 more in length. It is found in all the western seas of Europe, 

 and off the shores of Newfoundland, but it is most abundant 

 in the north near the Orkney and Shetland and Faroe Islands. 



The Hake is not quite so large, and is a southern rather 

 than a northern fish, being taken in greatest numbers on the 

 southern coasts of England and Ireland, and on the American 

 side as far south as Cape Hatteras. It is a deep-water fish 

 and only occasionally approaches land. 



PLAICE. Of all the curious and wonderful creatures which 



1 Marketable Marine Fishes, Cunningham. 

 2208 



