COAL 249 



Illawarra, about fifteen miles south of Newcastle, and at 

 Lithgow, ninety -five miles from Sydney. 



In Queensland, too, coal-mining is one of the most prosperous 

 mining industries of the state. The chief mines are at Ipswich, 

 Maryborough, Rockhampton, and on the Darling Downs. 



Both Victoria and Tasmania have large deposits of brown 

 coal, but at Monthaggi, in Gippsland (between the South 

 Australian Alps and the sea), and near Fingal, in the eastern 

 part of Tasmania, good bituminous coal is also mined. 



Western Australia has a small deposit of coal at Collie, 

 to the south-east of Perth. 



' So far as it is possible to forecast the industrial conditions 

 of the future, coal will remain in Australia in superabundant 

 supply.' ! 



The New Zealand coalfields are chiefly in the South Island, 

 at Greymouth and Westport, and in the valley of the Clutha, 

 though there are also mines in the Waikoto Valley of the North 

 Island. Though the supply is not abundant, the coal is of 

 good quality, and the Westport mines are regularly used 

 to supply the navy. 

 The South African Coalfields. 



In the Transvaal the chief collieries are at Middleburg, to 

 the east of Pretoria ; and at Boksburg, to the east, and 

 Vereeniging, to the south, of Johannesburg. 



In Natal the mines are at Dundee and Newcastle to the west, 

 and at Utrecht and Vryheid to the east, of the Buffalo River, 

 and in the Valley of the Klip (a tributary of the Upper Vaal). 



These two states are the main sources of supply in the 

 Union of South Africa (though the Orange Free State has 

 collieries at Heilbron, and there are also collieries at Molteno 

 in the Cape of Good Hope), and besides supplying the needs 

 of the home market they export a considerable amount to 

 the east, and to South America. 



The encouraging fact about the South African collieries is that 

 the present output is ' utterly insignificant in comparison with 



1 Ibid. 



