jo rARIO 



Permanent certificates have been granted only to makers of marked 

 liility, while one year certificates are granted to other- The 

 rase in cheese production is due to the im-rea-cd de.nand t'<>r 

 milk in the towns and cities. The ch< -ted chiefly to flu- 



sh Isles. 



/Miry Stithies. The fanner cannot pass from imperfect con-, 

 ditions and methods all at once: it takes at least a few year- I le 

 caim.it ijnickly equal the stables and equipment of tlie majority of 

 crs that are producing certified milk. But he need not wait 

 until able to build a ui'Mlel barn. The average fanner's immediate 

 si:\ is \\hat is practical le. He can reasonably and gradually 

 improve his possessions and method-. An increasing numht 

 fanners are installing stables floored with cement ; stalls (minus 

 manners) of sufficient dimension, with a gutter behind; seeing to 

 bright windows and abundant ventilation; and keeping the interior 

 always clean, and whitewashed at least once a year. When the 

 stable is thus made comfortable and sanitary the welfare and pr>iit 

 of the dairy cow surely follows. The coolest water at hand, where 

 there is no ice, will preserve the milk in good condition. The 

 expense of these desirable conditions is very small. Along the 

 lines of judicious use of existing conditions and of gradual im- 

 provement distinct progress and success are attained in Ontario. 



Milkimj Machines. A large number of these machines are al- 

 ready used in Canada. They encourage the keeping of more 

 where the number of milkers is limited. They mitigate the labour 

 difficulties and other conditions connected with milk production. For 

 small herds they are not likely to be used, but they are very prac- 

 ticable for herds of 2O or 25 cows and over. A more general use 

 of the milking machine would be an undoubted advantage. 



los. The monolithic or solid wall concrete silo, if air-tight 

 and rigid, is much to be recommended for simplicity, cheapness 

 and durability. Made thus, or of wood or steel, these simple but 

 valuable structures are dotted all over the Province. Stored with 

 silage, they prevent the compulsory sale of stock at a sacrifice in 

 the winter time. And there is nothing on the farm that brings in 

 so much ready cash as this provision for a little extra feed to the 

 cow during the trying heat of summer. Silage is an ideal feed to 

 put dry cows into good heart and flesh, and they must be fed when 

 dry if they are to pro^re-> after freshening. It i- not perfect alone. 



