4 j I \KI< i 



Dual-purpose Cattle. While, on the whole. -nine <>f tlie dairy 

 breeds excel in the prodir nilk and butter, the milk strain of 



the Shorthorn seems to suit best the requirements of those that 

 handle the dual-purpose cow. It is exceptionally valuable for cross- 

 ing purpu>o. .uxl though generally viewed as a beef breed, it ha> 

 produced many tine dairy animals. A dual-purpose cow, capable of 

 bringing forth a calf that can be economically developed into a lieef 

 animal of good quality, and of yielding at least 5,000 pounds of milk 

 per year, while realizing a good profit as meat when past breeding. 

 meets with favor in many parts of the Province. It is a significant 

 thing that Shorthorns and their grades make up -even-tenth- <f 

 the stock used for dairy purpose^ in the < >ld Land. 



Beef Cattle. In this Province there have been four bn 

 handled for the purpose of beef production: the Shorthorn, the 

 Hereford, the Polled Angus, and the Galloway. In most of the 

 beefing sections the foundation stock of breeding cows until recently 

 has been almost wholly Shorthorns and their grades. When pro- 

 perly bred and handled, the Shorthorn is a profitable dual-purpose 

 breed. But perfection of beef type cannot be so closely approached 

 on the average by the dual-purpose as by the special, nor can there 

 be so high an average of milk production as by the special purpose 

 dairy breeds. Nevertheless there is abundance of evidence showing 

 a profitable combination of these qualities, which suit- to perfection 

 the requirements of thousands of farmers in the economical produc- 

 tion of even high-class beef on high-priced lands. The good feed- 

 ing qualities and rapid growth of the Shorthorn make it a general 

 favourite among farmers that raise steers for beef. Nevertheless 

 the other breeds have their strong advocates. 



Demand. There is a good demand for all classes of stock. In 

 order to revive an industry that had declined and replenish a stock 

 that had been depleted, the Northwest Provinces have recently im- 

 ported from this Province hundreds of grade dairy cattle for the 

 production of milk and beef. The prairie ranchers have received 

 since August, 1912 (a matter of five months) over 1,000 head of 

 breeding cattle from Ontario. The demand for well-bred cattle has 

 merely begun, and Ontario grades are preferred. Whether Short- 

 horn, Holstein, or Ayrshire, the most in demand are the dual-pur- 

 pose grades. Many cattlemen are devoting attention to the dairy 

 Shorthorn, believing it to be the most suitable at once for Ontario 

 and the Northwest. In the latter and in Northern Ontario 

 production is coming, but Old Ontario will be the main meat supply 

 for the present and for some years to come. The United States is 



