II 



JBUIS - JENESIDEMU8. 



of figures originally amounted to .Ml at least. They 

 wire xjniiiietricaliy arranged on both fronts of (lie 

 temple.' Tin* Minerva stood in tin- middle, the 

 standing warriors next, then (lie archers, ami tin- 

 lying figures List. The temple was not intentionally 

 destroyed, but wnsprolwibly thrown down by nn earth- 

 quake. Since ..teams erected tliis temple to Jupiter 

 ranhelleuius, it is probable that the figures repre- 

 icnt the luUlesot' the .Kacid.T, under the protection 

 ofMinervn. The two contests in which the .Kacidae 

 distinguished Uiemsclves most gloriously were the 

 Trojan war and the naval battle of Salamis: in the 

 Later . the images of the Kacidae of Homer, Ajax 

 and Telamon, were displayed, and regarded as su- 

 (K-niatural })rotectors. According to another opinion, 

 the group of the eastern front represented the con- 

 test around the Inxly of I^iomedon, king of Troy; 

 and the one on the western, that around the body of 

 Patroclus. The figures should probably be assigned 

 to a period between the GOth and 80th Olympiads. 

 Pindar calls ./Egina the "well-fortified seat of the 

 !.-(-. " probably referring to these images, for 

 no one of the sons of . Kan is then remained in the 

 country. The marble of which they are wrought is 

 Parian, of the kind usually called Grechetto. The 

 colours perceptible here and there on the figures are 

 vermilion ana azure. All the decorations and foliage 

 of the temple, which are generally carved, were 

 painted. The niches of the fronts in which these 

 figures stood were azure, the partitions red, the fo- 

 liage green and yellow, and even the marble tiles 

 were painted with a kind of flower. We cannot call 

 this system of painting barbarous ; we find it even 

 on the Parthenon. Winckelmann was the first who 

 ronjeciiired the existence of an ancient school of art 

 in .-i'lgina, from the accounts of Pausanias. (See 

 /fiagner't Bericht uber die JZgmetische Bildwerke 

 heratugegeben, und mit kunstgeschichtlichen. An- 

 merkungen bcgleitet von Schclling, 1817 ; Wagner's 

 Report on the jEginetan Remains of Art, &C.) Sub- 

 sequently, K. < nth Midler, in his learned and acute 

 work, JZginaeticomm Liber, Leipsic, 1820, attempted 

 to determine their relation to the other monuments 

 still extant ; and Thiersch to investigate their my- 

 thological signification. Against the idea of a pecu- 

 liar jEginetan style of art, deduced from these mar- 

 bles, Henry Meyer wrote in Goethe's Kunst und 

 Alterthum, 3 Bd. 1 Heft., and opposed the derivation 

 of Grecian sculpture from the Egyptian as strenu- 

 ously as Winckelmann advocated it. 



.EGLS ; the shield of Jupiter, who is called by 

 Homer the +Egis-bearer. It derives its name from 

 the she-goat jKgis, which suckled the god in Crete, 

 and with tlie skin of which the shield was covered. 

 Also the shield of Pallas or Minerva, in the middle 

 of which was the head of Medusa. Sometimes the 

 cuirass of Medusa is thus called. In a figurative 

 sense, JE. denotes protection. 



^ELFRIC ; archbishop of Canterbury in the 10th 

 century. He composed a Latin Saxon vocabulary, 

 which was printed by Somner, under the title of 

 a Glossary, Oxon. 1659. JE. translated also most 

 of the historical books of the Old Testament, 

 and canons for the regulation of the clergy, which 

 are inserted in Spelmau's Councils. He frequently 

 assisted his country m a spirited resistance of the 

 Danish invaders, and died highly venerated, Nov. 

 1005. 



^ELIANUS, Claudius; a Greek author who lived 

 at Praeneste, about A. D. 221. He was a learned 

 sophist, and has left two works compiled in a pretty 

 good style a collection of stories and anecdotes, and 

 a natural history of animals. Of the first work, one 

 of the, best critical editions was published by Grono- 

 viiM, atLeyden, 1731, 2 vols. 4to. Later editions 



have been published by Kulm, Leipsic, 1780, and 

 Coray, Paris, I MI.,. 



JSlOLni, Pimlus, snrnanird Muceiioiiirus ; a noble 

 Roman of the ancient family of yKmilii. He con- 

 quered Perseus, king of Macedon, and on this occa- 

 sion obtained a triumph, A. U. C. 586 ; B. C. 168. 

 During the triumph, two of his sons died. He l>ore 

 the loss like a hero, and thanked the gods that 

 they had chosen them lor victims to avert bad 

 fortune from the Roman people. He was father 

 of the renowned Scipio Africanus the younger. 

 His rather, a brave general in the second Punic, war, 

 commanded and was slain at the battle of Caruias, 

 B. C. 216. 



^ENEAS; son of Anchises and Venus, next to 

 Hector the bravest among the heroes of Troy. I It- 

 is the hero of the JEneid, in which his life is Urns 

 described : In the night of the capture of Troy by 

 the Greeks, Hector warned him in a dream to fly 

 with the images of his gods. M. rushed, notwith- 

 standing this warning to the fight, but fought in 

 vain. After Priam was slain, he returned, at the 

 command of his mother, to his home, and carried on" 

 his father, his child, and his household gods ; but lost 

 his wife, Creusa, in the confusion of his flight. With 

 20 vessels, he sailed for Thrace, where he began to 

 build the city ^Enos, but, terrified by a miracle, 

 abandoned the attempt. From thence lie went to 

 Delos to consult the oracle. Misunderstanding its 

 reply, he went to Crete, from which he was driven 

 by a pestilence. Thence he directed his course to 

 the promontory of Actium, where he celebrated 

 games in honour of Apollo. In Epims he found 

 Helenus and Andromache. Thence he sailed by 

 Italy, passed the straits of Messina, and circumna- 

 vigated Sicily to cape Drepanum, on the western 

 coast, where Anchises died. A tempest drove him 

 on the shore of Africa, where Dido received him 

 kindly in Carthage, and desired to detain and marry 

 him. Jupiter, however, mindful of the fates, sent 

 Mercury to .33. and commanded him to sail for Italy. 

 Whilst the deserted Dido ended her life on the fu- 

 neral pile, ./Eneas set sail with his companions, and 

 was cast by a storm on the shores of Sicily, in the 

 dominions of his Trojan friend Acestes, where he 

 celebrated funeral games in honour of his deceased 

 father. The wives of his companions, weary of a 

 seafaring life, and instigated by Juno, set fire to tin- 

 ships on which he resolved to depart, leaving be- 

 hind the women and the sick. In this resolution he 

 was confirmed by Anchises, who admonished him in 

 a dream to descend, by the aid of the sibyl, into the 

 infernal regions, after his arrival in Italy. He built 

 the city Acesta, and then sailed for Italy, where he 

 found the sibyl, near Cumae, who foretold his destiny, 

 and aided his descent into the lower world. On his 

 return, he embarked again, and reached the eastern 

 shore of the river Tiber, in the country of the Lau- 

 rentian king Latinus. His daughter, Lavinia, was 

 destined by an oracle to a stranger, but promised by 

 her mother, Amata, to Turnus, king of the Rutuli. 

 This occasioned a war, after the termination of which, 

 jE. married Lavinia. Thus Virgil relates the history 

 of .<Eneas in his jfineid, deviating in many parti- 

 culars from historical truth. His son by Lavinia, 

 ./Eneas Sylvius, was the ancestor of the kings of 

 Alba longa, and of Romulus and Remus, the founders 

 of the city of Rome. By his first wife, he had a son, 

 Ascanius, who built Alba longa, from whose son, 

 lulus, the Romans derived the Julian family. For 

 the different traditions respecting Jineas, and the 

 probability of their late introduction among the Ro- 

 mans, see Niebubr's Roman History, chapter entitled 

 /Eneas and the Trojan* in Latium. 



; a sceptical philosopher, boix at 



