ANDAN ri.-ANDF.KSON. 



hends Grenada; Ix>wer A. comprehends .lacn, Cor- 

 ili>\:i, iiiul Seville. A. is the moM western province 

 of Spain, and is lioimdcd N. liy Kstremadura and l,u 

 Mancha; I'., liy Mnrcia: S. by the sea and I In- -I raits of 

 Gibraltar ; and \V. hy 1'ortugul ; 170 miles long, and 

 180 wide. It is, without doiilit, one of i he finest, the 

 richest, and most fertile jarts of Spain, producing 

 abundance of oil and grain, al-u honey, sugar, silk, 

 and wiue. Its herds of cattle are numerous, and its 

 horses are esteemed the best in the kingdom. The 

 inhabitants are descended, in part, from the Saracens, 

 and diilcrmuch from the natives ol'( a-tile, anil the 

 other parts of Spain, in their physiognomy and char- 

 acter. Pop., in 1787, 788,153. Its chief cities are 

 Seville and Cadiz. See Grenuilu. 



ANDANTK (music) denotes a time somewliat slow, 

 and a performance distinct and exact, gentle and 

 soothing. Andantino stands between andante ami 

 allegretto, at least according to the common notion ; 

 some assert that andantino implies a little slower mo- 

 tion than andante. The andante requires a delicate 

 performance. 



ANDAMAN ISLES, a cluster of isles in the Bay of 

 Bengal, opposite to the coast of Malacca, two of 

 which are distinguished by the names of Great and 

 Little Andaman. The inhabitants of these islands 

 are estimated at between two and three thousand. 

 and are still in a state of extreme I >a rl >a rit y . 



ANDERAB, a populous city of independent Tartary, 

 situated on a river of the same name, and at the 

 foot of the mountains which divide India and Persia 

 from Great Buckharia. The only route to India is 

 through this plac*. 



ASHK.HXIN, Adam, author of the largest British 

 compilation upon commercial history, was born in 

 Scotland, about the year 1692. Having removed to 

 London, he was for forty years a clerk in the South 

 Sea house, and at length was appointed chief clerk 

 of the Stock and New Annuities in that establish- 

 ment, in which situation he continued till his death. 

 He was also one of the court of assistants of the 

 Scots corporation in London. In 1764, he published 

 his work, entitled, " An Historical and Chronological 

 Deduction of the Origin of Commerce, from the 

 earliest accounts to the present time ; containing a 

 history of the large commercial interests of the 

 British Empire, &c.," Lond. 2 vols. folio. This ela- 

 borate work was subsequently improved in a new 

 edition by Mr David Macpherson, 4 vols. quarto ; 

 and a manual abridgment of the work may still be 

 considered a desideratum in our literature. Mr 

 Anderson died soon after he had given it to the 

 world, January 10th, 1765. 



ANDERSON, Alexander, an eminent mathematician, 

 born at Aberdeen, near the close of the sixteenth 

 century. How or where he acquired his mathemati- 

 cal education is not known ; he probably studied 

 bejles lettres and philosophy in his native university. 

 He comes into notice at Paris, early in the seven- 

 teenth century, as a private teacher or professor of 

 mathematics. In that city, between the years 1612 

 and 1619, he published or edited various geometrical 

 and algebraical tracts, which are conspicuous for 

 their ingenuity and elegance. It is doubtful whether 

 he was ever acquainted with the famous Vieta, Mas- 

 ter of Requests at Paris, who died in 1603 ; but his 

 pure taste and skill in mathematical investigation 

 pointed him out to the executors of that illustrious 

 man, who had found leisure, in the intervals of a 

 laborious profession, to cultivate and extend the 

 ancient geometry, and by adopting a system of 

 general symbols, to lay the foundation, and begin the 

 superstructure, of algebraical science, as the person 

 most proper for revising and publishing his valuable 

 manuscripts. Anderson, however, did not confine 



himself to the duty of a mere editor, he enriched the 

 text with learned comments, and gave neat demon- 

 si rations of (hose propositions which had been left 

 impertecl. He .afterwards -produced a specimen ot 

 the application of geometrical analysis, which is 

 distinguished by its clearness and classic elegance. 

 The works of A. amount to six thin quarto volumes, 

 now very scarce. These are, I. Supplement inn 

 Apollonii Ucdivivi: si\e analysis prohlematis liacte- 

 nus desiderati ad Apollonii Pergiei doctrinam rij 

 tivmtat a Marino (ihetaldo I'atricio Kagnsjno hnjns- 

 i|iie non itii pridem instilulam, \c. Paris, Iiil2. Jto. 

 Tills tract refers to the problem of inclinations, by 

 which, in certain cases, the application of the curve 

 called the conchoid is superseded. 2. Airiofo'yia: 

 Pro Zetetico Apollonian! prohlematis a sc jam pri- 

 dem edito in suppleniento Apollonii Hediv iv'i. Item-: 

 an addition to the former work. Paris, liil.o, Ho. 

 3. The edition of the works of Vieta. Paris, \t,\.', 

 4to. 4. Ad Angularum Sectionem Analytica Thec,- 



remata xct^/tXntuTigct, &c. Paris, 1615, 4to 5. 



Vindici.T, Archimedis, &c. Paris, 161(i, Ho. fi. 

 Alexandri Anderson! Scot! ExerciUitionum Mathe 

 maticarum Decas Prima, &c. Paris, 1619, 4to. 



ANDERSON, Sir Edmund, lord chief justice of i In- 

 Common Pleas under Queen Kliaibcth, was a native 

 of Lincolnshire ; died 1651. " Anderson's Reports," 

 1644, lol., is still a book of authority ; ami his 

 judgments in the Westminster Courts, were publish- 

 ed in 1G'53. 



ANDERSON, George, accomptant- general of the 

 Board of Control, was originally a Buckinghamshire 

 peasant, and born in 1760; died 1796. He publish- 

 ed " A General View of the Affairs of the East India 

 Company," 1784, 4to. ; and translated from the 

 Greek of Archimedes, " Arenarius, or a Treatise on 

 numbering the Sand." 



ANDERSON, James, an eminent Scottish antiquary, 

 was born in 1662, and, after finishing a scholastic 

 education at Edinburgh, obtained the degree of Mas- 

 ter of Arts, on the 27th of May, 1680. He chose the 

 law for his profession, and was admitted a member 

 of the society of writers to the signet in 1691. In 

 this branch of the legal profession, the study of 

 written antiquities in some measure forces itself upon 

 the practitioner ; and it appears that Anderson, 

 though a diligent and able man of business, became 

 in time too fond of the accessory employment to care 

 much for the principal. A circumstance which oc- 

 curred in 1704, decided his fate by tempting him 

 into the field of antiquarian controversy. The ques- 

 tion of the union of the two countries was then very 

 keenly agitated ; on the one side witli much jealous 

 assertion of the national independency, and on the, 

 other, with not only a contempt for the boasts of the 

 Scots, but a revival of the old claims of England for 

 a superiority or paramouncy over their country. A 

 lawyer named Attwood, in 1704, published a pam- 

 phlet, in which all the exploded pretensions of Ed- 

 ward I. were brought prominently into view, and a 

 direct dominion in the crown of England asserted 

 over that of Scotland. For this work, Mr Anderson, 

 though altogether unknown to Mr Attwood, wa- 

 cited as an evidence and eye witness, to vouch some 

 of the most important original charters and grants 

 by the kings of Scotland, which Attwood maintained 

 were in favour of the point he laboured to establish. 

 Mr Anderson, in consequence of such an appeal, 

 thought himself bound in duty to his country, to 

 publish what he knew of the matter, and to vindicate 

 some of the best of the Scottish kings, who v en- 

 accused by Attwood of a base and voluntary surren- 

 der of their sovereignty. Accordingly, in 1705, he. 

 published " An Essay, showing that the crown of 

 Scotland is imperial and independent," Edinburgh. 



