ANDREA DEL SARTO ANDROMEDA. 



1G3 



tish army in North America during the revolutionary 

 war. He was originally a mercliant's clerk. Em- 

 ployed to negotiate the defection of the American 

 general Arnold, and the delivery of the works at 

 West Point, he was apprehended in disguise, Sept. 

 23, 1780, within the American lines, and sent pri- 

 soner to general Washington, who submitted his case 

 to the examination and decision of a board of general 

 officers, consisting of major-general Greene, William 

 Alexander (lord Stirling), the marquis de la Fayette, 

 &c. The board declared him a spy from the enemy, 

 and, agreeably to the law and usage of nations, he 

 was hanged at Tappan, in New York, Oct. 2, 1780. 

 A. monument is erected to his memory in Westmin- 

 ster abbey. He is the author of a poem entitled The 

 Cow Chase. See Arnold. 



ANDREA DEL SARTO. See Sarto. 



ANDREAS, Onuphrius, a Neapolitan poet of the 

 17 tli century, who died in 1647. His works consist 

 of an epic poem entitled " Italia Liberata," several 

 Lyric effusions, and two dramatic pieces, besides some 

 prose essays on moral and philosophical subjects. 



ANDREAS, Valerius, professor of civil law and 

 Hebrew at Louvain, was born at Desschel, in the 

 Netherlands, in 1584 ; died 1656, He was author 

 of various works in biography, topography, philology, 

 and antiquity. 



ANDREINI, Francis, an Italian comedian, who, be- 

 sides his histrionic talents., was distinguished for his 

 knowledge of languages. He wrote several pieces 

 for the stage. His wife, ISABELLA, a native of Pa- 

 dua, was the finest performer of her day, and pub- 

 lished several poetical works, which were much 

 admired. She died in 1604, in the 42d year of her 

 age. Her husband survived her nearly sixteen years. 

 They left a son, Giovanni Battista, who inherited the 

 talents of his parents, both in acting and composition. 



ANDREW, St; brother of St Peter, and the first 

 disciple whom Christ chose. Both brothers were 

 fishermen, but left their business and followed the 

 Redeemer. The fate of A., after Christ's death, is 

 uncertain ; the common opinion is, that he was 

 crucified. The Russians revere him as the apostle 

 who brought the gospel to them ; the Scots, as the 

 patron saint of their country. In the early ages of 

 the church, a pretended Gospel of his was in circula- 

 tion. The Acta, also, which bear his name, are not 

 genuine. The order of St A., is one of the highest 

 orders of the empire of Russia, instituted by Peter the 

 Great, in 1697. For the Scottish knights of St A., 

 see Thistle. 



ANDREW, St, cross of; a cross of the form X, be- 

 cause, according to tradition, St A. was executed on 

 a cross which had this shape, Nov. 30, A. D. 83, at 

 Patras, in Achaia. 



ANDREWS, St, an ancient borough and seaport town 

 of Fifcsliire, in Scotland, and the seat of the oldest 

 of the four Scottish universities, stands on a rocky 

 promontory at the bottom of a bay of the same name, 

 3J)d on the south side of the firth of Tay, thirty-iiine 

 miles north by east from Edinburgh. It was erected 

 into a royal burgh by David I., in 1140, and has 

 been the scene of many memorable transactions in 

 the civil and ecclesiastical history of Scotland. About 

 the same time, it was rendered archiepiscopal, and 

 ;!.> the resort of many religious orders. The re- 

 vfiiues of the see in 1561 have been estimated t 

 10,000 of our present money, and an Augustine 

 monastery, founded in 1120, was still richer. The 

 cathedral church, begun in 1159, was not finally 

 completed till 157 years had elapsed, and was de- 

 molished at the Reformation by the populace. The 

 castle, of which little now remains, was built in the 

 12th century, on a rock projecting into the sea, and 

 has been rendered famous as the scene of several 



events in Scottish history, particularly of the assassi- 

 nation of cardinal Beaton. The university of St 

 Andrews was founded by bishop Wardlaw, in 1411 ; 

 it formerly consisted of three colleges ; that of St 

 Salvador, founded in 1455; that ot St Leonard's, 

 founded in 1512 ; and that of St Mary's, completed 

 in 1561. St Salvador's and St Leonard's were con- 

 joined in 1747, under the name of the United Col- 

 lege, in which, besides the ancient languages, the 

 usual academical courses of philosophy are delivered. 

 In St Mary's, divinity, church history, and the orien- 

 tal languages, are taught. The burgh of St Andrews 

 consists at present of three principal streets and a few 

 lanes, but its old ruins give an exalted notion of its 

 former magnificence. It once had an extensive 

 foreign trade, but now very few vessels belong to it. 

 Its manufactures principally consist of Osnaburgs, 

 canvass, and linen. The making of golf-balls also 

 employs a portion of the inhabitants. The parish of 

 St Andrews, which is about ten miles in length and 

 three broad, is generally fertile, and in a high state 

 of cultivation. 



ANDREWS, James Pettit, an English miscellaneous 

 writer, was born in Berks in 1737, and attached 

 himself to literature until his death, which took place 

 in 1797. His principal works are, " Anecdotes, An- 

 cient and Modern, 1789 ;" " Continuation of Henry's 

 History of Britain, 4to and 8vo ;" and " The History 

 of Great Britain connected with the Chronology of 

 Europe, &c., 1794-5." 



ANDREWS, Lancelot, bishop of Winchester, in the 

 reigns of James I. and Charles I., was born in Lon- 

 don, 1565. He is particularly known by one of his 

 works, Torturi Torti (1609), which he wrote against 

 a publication of cardinal Bellarmine, under the ficti- 

 tious name of Matthew Tortus, in which the cardinal 

 had attacked James" Defence of the Rights of Kings. 

 His works best known at present are, a volume of 

 Sermons, 16^831, fol. 1642 ; the Moral Law Ex- 

 pounded, or Lectures on the Ten Commandments, 

 1642, fol. ; Collection of Posthumous and Orphan 

 Lectures, delivered at St Paul's and St Giles', Lon- 

 don, 1657, fol. 



ANDROCLTTS, or ANDRODUS; a Dacian slave, who 

 being exposed to a lion in the circus, the animal 

 forbore to hurt him, because he had formerly taken 

 a thorn out of its foot. He was, in consequence, 

 liberated, and led the lion about the streets of Rome. 

 Aid. Gel. 1. v. c. 14. .El. Hist. An. 1. vii. c. 48. 



ANDROIDES (from am(, a man, and tiSas, form) ; a 

 figure of human shape, which, by certain machinery, 

 is made to perform some of the natural motions of a 

 living man. 



ANDROMACHE ; daughter of Eetion, king of Thebes 

 in Cilicia, and wife of Hector, (q. v.) After the con- 

 quest of Troy, she became the prize of Pyrrhus, son 

 of Achilles, who carried her to Epirus, and had three 

 sons by her, but afterwards left her to Helenus, bro- 

 ther of Hector, to whom she bore a son. Euripides 

 has made her the chief character of a tragedy. 



ANDROMEDA ; daughter of the Ethiopian king Ce- 

 pheus, and of Cassiopeia. The mother and daughter 

 were very beautiful. The former having boasted 

 that her daughter surpassed the Nereides, it not Juno 

 herself, in beauty, the offended goddesses called on 

 their father to revenge the insult. He not only in- 

 undated the territory of Cepheus, but also sent a 

 horrid sea-monster, which tlireatened universal de- 

 struction. The oracle declared that the wrath of 

 Neptune could not be appeased, unless Cepheus de- 

 livered his daughter to the monster. In this extre- 

 mity, Perseus Deheld her, when, with the head of 

 the Gorgon in his hand, and mounted on Pegasus, 

 he was returning from his victory over Medusa. 

 Touched by compassion and love, the. hero promised 



