ANDRONICUS ANFOSSI. 



to kill the monster 'on condition that tlu % 

 should IK- given him in marriage. The father pro- 

 I it, ami kept his won). In nicniory of the 

 exploits of Perseus (q. v.), A., by the favourot Pallas 

 \v .i- placed among- tlie stars. 



AMWONICOS of I yn >ih< s ; a Greek architect, cele- 

 brated for having coii-tructttl, at Athens, the tower 

 of the winds, an octagonal building, on each side of 

 uhich was a figure representing one of the winds. 

 On the top of the tower was a small pyramid of 

 marble supporting a brazen Triton, which turned on 

 a pivot, and pointed with its rod to the side of the 

 tower on which was represented the wind that was 

 then blowing. As each of the sides had a sort of 

 dial, it is conjectured that it formerly contained a 

 clepsydra or water-clock. 



AWDRONICUS of Rhodes; a follower of Aristotle, 

 who lived B. C. 63, and wrote commentaries on that 

 author. He also restored and published the works of 

 that philosopher, which Syllahad brought from Greece. 



ANDROS ; islands of the Holy Ghost (itlet del Es- 

 piritu Santo) ; a group of isles extending in the form 

 of a crescent, for upwards of fifty leagues in the 

 neighbourhood of the Great Bahama bank, and 

 amongst the Bahamas ; in N. lat. 24 to 25 30', and 

 W. Ion. 77 to 78 20*. The passages through them 

 are dangerous. Attempts have been made to colo- 

 niae the principal Andros island. In 1788, 200 in- 

 habitants, including slaves, were settled there. It 

 has the privilege of sending one member to the house 

 of assembly ot the Bahamas. The approach to it is 

 very difficult, for various reasons. 



ANDROSCOOGIX, or AMERISCOGGIN ; a river which 

 forms the outlet of Umbagog hike, and has the first 

 part of its course in the eastern part of New Hamp- 

 shire. After entering the state of Maine, it flows 

 first in an easterly, and afterwards in a southerly 

 direction, and joins the Keunebec at Merry-meeting 

 bay, six miles above Bath, and eighteen miles above 

 the entrance of the river into the ocean. Its whole 

 course is about 150 miles in length. 



ANDROCET du Cerceau, James, an eminent French 

 architect of the 16th century, who wrote several 

 works of merit connected with his profession. The 

 dates of his birth and death are uncertain. 



AXDRV, Nicholas, a physician of Lyons, and after- 

 wards dean of the faculty of medicine in the royal 

 college of Paris, was the author of several medical 

 works of some repute. He died in 1742, aged 84. 



ANELLO, Thomas. See Masaniello. 



ANEMO.METER ; an instrument contrived to measure 

 the strength and velocity of the wind. 



ANEMONE, wind-flower, in botany ; a genus of the 

 polygamia order, and polyandria class, ranking, in 

 the natural method, under the 26th order, multisili- 

 giiee. l{ has its name from the Greek anpts, (the 

 wind), because it is supposed not to open unless the 

 wind blows. Linnaeus enumerates twenty-one spe- 

 cies : those valuable on account of their beauty are 

 the following: 1, anemone Apennina, a native of 

 Britain, growing in the woods ; 2, anemone corona- 

 ria i 3, anemone hortensis ; both natives of the Le- 

 vant, particularly of the Archipelago islands, where 

 the borders of the fields are covereu with them ; 4, 

 anemone nemorosa, growing wild in the woods, in 

 many parts of Britain, where it flowers in April and 

 May. Prof. Candole, De Cand. Syst. vol. i. 188, 

 enumerates forty- five species of anemone. 



ANEMOSCOPE; every contrivance which indicates 

 the direction of the wind. The vane upon towers 

 and roofs is the simplest of all anemoscopes. There 

 are also some, where the vane turns a movable 

 spindle, which descends through the roof to the 

 chamber where the observation is to be made. On 

 the ceiling of this apartment a compass-card is fixed, 



and, whilst tht; wind (urns the vane together with 

 the spindle, an index, fixed below, points out the 

 direction of the wiml on the card. Some are so 

 made us, even in the absence of the observer, to note 

 down the changes of the wind. Among the m.is, 

 1 crfcct of this kind, is that of prof. Moscati, and ot 

 the cav. Marsilio Ijindriani. 



ANEURISM ; the swelling of an artery, or the dila- 

 tation and expansion of some part of an artery. This 

 is the true aneurism. There is aKo a spurious kind 

 of aneurism, when the rupture or puncture of an 

 artery is followed by an extravasation of blood in the 

 cellular membrane. If the external membrane of 

 the artery is injured, and the internal memhraiu- 

 protrudes through, and forms a sac, it is allied ;/./.. l 

 aneurism. Lastly, there is the varicose aneurism, 

 the tumor of the artery, when, in bleeding, the vein 

 has been entirely cut through, and at the same time 

 the upper side of an artery beneatli has b<- ( n per- 

 forated, so that its blood is pressed into the vein. 

 The genuine aneurisms arise partly from the too 

 violent motion of the blood, partly from a preterna- 

 tural debility of the membranes of the artery, which 

 is sometimes constitutional. They are, then fore, 

 more frequent in the great branches of Uie ant 

 in particular, in the vicinity of the heart, in the arch 

 of the aorta, and in the extremities, for instance, in 

 the ham and at the ribs, where the arteries are ex- 

 posed to frequent injuries by stretching, violent 

 bodily exertions, thrusts, falls, and contusions. They 

 may, however, be occasioned also, especially the in- 

 ternal ones, by diseases, violent ebullitions of the 

 blood, by the use of ardent spirits, by vehement pas- 

 sions and emotions, particularly by anger ; in such 

 cases, the arteries may be ruptured, and sudden death 

 produced. The external aneurisms are either healed 

 by continued pressure on the swelling, or by an 

 operation, in which the artery is laid bare, and tied 

 above the swelling, so as to prevent the flow of the 

 blood into the sac of the aneurism, which contracts 

 by degrees. Sometimes the ligature is applied both 

 above and below the aneurism. 



ANFOSSI, Pasquale, was born at Naples, in 1729, 

 played on the violin in the music schools of Naples, 

 and studied composition under Sacchini and Piccini. 

 The latter had a great friendship for him, and pro- 

 cured him, hi 1771, his first employment, in the 

 theatre delle dame at Rome. Though he met with 

 no success, Piccini procured him, m the follow ing 

 year, a second engagement, in which he was also 

 unsuccessful. In a third engagement, the year after- 

 wards, A. was more fortunate. The Persecuted Un- 

 known was performed, in 1773, with great applause, 

 as were also La Finta Giardiniera and // Geloso d. 

 Cimento some time afterwards. On the other hand, 

 the Olimpiade, in 1776, entirely failed, and the morti- 

 fication of the author, on this occasion, induced him 

 to leave Rome. He travelled through Italy, and, 

 about 1780, went to France. He performed in the 

 royal academy the Persecuted Unknown; but this 

 lovely and delicate music did not meet with the 

 reception which it deserved. From France A. went 

 to London, where, in 1783, he was director of music 

 at the Italian theatre. In 1787, he returned to 

 Rome, where he brought out several pieces, the 

 success of which made him forget his disappoint- 

 ments, and gained him a reputation which lie enjoyed 

 until his death, in 1795. A. frequently reminds us 

 of Sacchini and Piccini, after whom he formed his 

 style; but his taste, expression, and style of progres- 

 sion and resolution are extraordinary. Several of his 

 finales are models in their kind. His fertility proves 

 that he composed with ease. Of his works, we may 

 also mention the.^rare, // Curioso Indiscreto and / 

 Fiaggiatori Felici. which rank among the best comic 



