180 



A\ N AHKUG ANNE. 



AVNAHKKU ; one of tin- mo-t important manufac- 

 turing towns of the Krzgebirg. Mining is also 

 carried on here, though to a less extent. The iiinn- 

 IH-I- of inliabitants is about 5000. It was, at first, 

 only a mining place. Afterwards, manufactures were 

 introduced, particularly tht^c of \arions kimls of lace, 

 of which a great part is exported to America. The 

 mines are nearly exhausted. The population of the 

 town was greatly increased by the addition of the 

 .Belgians who fled from the persecutions of duke 

 Alva, 



ANNALS ; an historical account of the afiairs of a 

 state, digested in the order of time. The name 

 comes from the first annual records of the Romans, 

 which were called annalrs jmifificnm, or annales 

 ni'iiimi, and Uie compilation of which was the busi- 

 ness of the potitifex inaj'initts. 



ANXAMABOK ; a town of Africa, on the Gold Coast, 

 formerly a very considerable market for slaves. It 

 is a strongly-fortified place, having a port, where, in 

 1803, a British garrison of 30 men withstood the at- 

 tacks of 2O,000 Ashantees, who were compelled to 

 raise the siege and retire. It is said to contain 

 10,000 inhabitants. The fortifications are maintain- 

 ed by the African company at an expense of about 

 .1900 per a in mm. 



ANNAMOOKA, or ROTTERDAM ; one of the Friendly 

 islands in the Polynesian group of the South sea. 

 Round the island, which is of a triangular form, and 

 about 10 or 12 miles in circuit, lie scattered a number 

 of small isles, sand-banks, and breakers. These, to- 

 gether with Middleburg, or Eaoowee, and Pylstart, 

 make a group occupying about 3 degrees of lat. and 

 2 of Ion., named, by captain Cook, the Friendly isl- 

 ands or archipelago, as a firm alliance and friendship 

 seemed to subsist among their inhabitants, whose 

 courteous behaviour entitled them to that appellation. 

 Lon. 174 VV. ; lat. 20 S. The island was discover- 

 ed by Tasman, a Dutch navigator, in 1643. Cook 

 visited it in 1777. 



ANNAPOLIS ; a city and port of entry, in the county 

 of Ann Arundel, Maryland, United States. Lon. 

 76 43' W. ; lat 39 N. Population, 2260. It is 

 the seat of the state government, is a pleasant and 

 healthy town, and contains a spacious and elegant 

 state-house, a market-house, a theatre, and two houses 

 of public worship. The streets converge to the 

 state-house and to the Episcopal church, as two 

 centres. The shipping owned here, in 1816, amount- 

 ed to 2,553 tons. There is another Annapolis, A. 

 Royal, a city of Nova Scotia, on the bay of Fundy; 

 Ion. 65" 50> W. ; lat 44 47' N. The harbour is 

 large and safe. 



ANNATES ; a year's income due to the pope, on the 

 death of any bishop, abbot, or parish-priest, to be 

 paid by his successor. The concordata Germanics, 

 in 1448, restored to the pope the right of raising the 

 annates, whicli had been forbiddenoy the council of 

 Hale, in 1434. They were made perpetual, by 

 Boniface IX., in 1399. In France, they were finally 

 abolished in 1789. In England, they were at first 

 paid to the archbishop of Canterbury, but afterwards 

 appropriated by the popes. In 1532, the parliament 

 gave them to the crown ; but queen Anne restored 

 them to the church, by applying them to the aug- 

 mentation of poor livings. 



ANNE, the last member of the family of Stuart 

 (now extinct) who was seated upon the throne of 

 Great Britain, was born at Twickenham, near Lon- 

 don, 1664, four years after her uncle, Charles II., 

 ascended the throne. She was the second daugh- 

 ter of James II., then duke of York, and Anne, 

 his wife, daughter of the renowned Clarendon. 

 Her father had not then gone over to the Catho- 

 lic church ; A., was, therefore, educated accord- 



ing to the principles ot the English church, and, 

 in 1683, married to prince George, brother to 

 king Christian V. of Denmark. When in 1688, the 

 parly which invited the prince of Orange to de- 

 throne ins father-in-law prevailed, A., the favourite 

 llano-liter of .lames, wished to remain with her 

 father. But slie was, in some meaMire, forced by 

 Churchill, afterwards duke of Marl borough, to join 

 the triumphant parly. After the deatli of her sister, 

 Mary, in l(j!M, and that of William 111., in 1702, 

 without children, and after she herself, in lui.'i, had 

 lost her only son, the young duke of Gloucester, she 

 ascended the English throne. Her capacity was but 

 moderate, and she was governed liy Marlhorough 

 and his wife. The lories were sitNfird to know that 

 the sceptre was in the hands of a daughter of .lames 

 II., and hoped to see the old royal house rev ived in 

 her male descendants. The whigs rejoiced, at IraM, 

 that the queen, faithful to the triple alliance, oppo>- 

 etl the domineering spirit of Louis XIV., in order to 

 defend the liberty of Europe, and to prevent the union 

 of the French and Spanish crowns in one house. She, 

 therefore, took part in the war of the Spanish suc- 

 cession, in which England captured Gibraltar, the 

 only important acquisition of this eleven years' war. 

 During the reign of queen A., England and Scotland 

 were united under the name of Gri'iit Jirittti/i, and, 

 notwithstanding the wishes of the queen for the re- 

 storation of her own house to the line of succession, 

 it was settled in the house of Hanover, .lames in 

 vain attempted a landing in Scotland, and the queen 

 was obliged to sign a proclamation setting a price 

 on his head. Of her seventeen children, all died 

 young ; and, when left a widow, she would not listen 

 to the entreaties of the parliament (although but 

 forty-four years old at the time) to conclude a new 

 marriage, which might throw new obstacles in tin- 

 way ot the restoration of her own family. She now 

 intended to put all power into the hands of the tories, 

 who were then the majority in the three kingdoms. 

 The duchess of Marlborough lost her influence ; 

 Godolphin, Sunderland, Somers, Devonshire, Wai- 

 pole, Cowper, were superseded by Harley, earl of 

 Oxford, Bolingbroke, Rochester, Buckingham, 

 George Grenville, and Sir Simon Harcourt, and the 

 parliament was dissolved. Peace was resolved upon. 

 Marlborough was accused, suspended, and banished. 

 Meanwhile A., notwithstanding the measures which 

 she publicly took against her brother, seems not to 

 have given up the hope of securing to him the suc- 

 cession, but the irreconcilable enmity of Oxford 

 and Bolingbroke, the former of whom accused the 

 latter of favouring the Pretender, was an insurmount- 

 able obstacle. Grieved at the disappointment of her 

 secret wishes, she fell into a state of weakness and 

 lethargy, and died July 20, 1714. The words " O, 

 my dear brother, how I pity thee !" which she pro- 

 nounced on her death- bed, unveiled the secret of her 

 whole life. The reign of A. was distinguished not 

 only by the brilliant successes of the British arms, 

 but also as the golden age of English literature, on 

 account of the number of admirable and excellent 

 writers who flourished at this time, among whom 

 were Pope and Addison. It may be considered the 

 triumph of the English high-church party, owing to 

 her strong predilection for the principles by which it 

 has always been actuated. Her private character 

 was amiable, but her good sense was rendered in- 

 effectual by want of energy. The goodness of her 

 disposition obtained for her the title of the good quei-n 

 Anne. She was an excellent wife and mother, and 

 a kind mistress. 



ANNE of Austria, queen of France, was the daugh- 

 ter of Philip 111., king of Spain, and, in 1615, married 

 Louis XIII. On her cousin's death, his son being 



