ANNUNCIATION ANQUBTIL 1)1 T PKHKOX. 



IMS ; the dec la rat ion of I he angel Gabriel 

 lo the virgin Mary ot" the in, Mi-nation of Clirist in IUT 

 v. mill). Luke i. 'M 38. 



AvM'M IATIO.V DAY ; a feast of the church, in honour 

 of the nnnnnciatiun, celebrated in the wcsicrn 

 churches. Miiifli :^o. The institution of this fi-ti\al 

 MDMUly assigned to the Tth century. 



"YNKs (fnini Ue Greek 3i/>, jntin, and Uie pri- 

 mitive ) ; means for soothing iiin. As the pain may 

 ansc from different anises, tlie means for counteract- 

 ing it must l>e very different. Thus, for instance, a 

 l>ain may be produced by inflannnation ; and, in this 

 case, cooling means, hike warm intuit ices, sometimes 

 i\en bleeding or purging, will be the proper ano- 

 dynes. At other times they should be of an inflamma- 

 tory kind; for instance, in debility of the nerves, 

 cramps, or spasms. In the stricter sense, we under- 

 stand by anodynes such remedies as lessen the sus- 

 ceptibility to painful impressions, by diminishing the 

 M -nubility of the nerves. In early times, when the 

 doctrine of poisons and antidotes was more attended 

 to ttian any other part of medicine, the soothing qua- 

 lity of many simples was also more closely observed, 

 ami a particular class was formed in this way. As 

 this property existed to a high degree in opium, then 

 already in use, it not only obtained the first place in 

 this class of simples, but the name anodyne was given 

 to all mixtures containing it. The use of anodynes 

 is proper only when the cause of pain cannot be re- 

 moved, or not so soon as its violence requires, or 

 where the pain itself is more injurious than the cause 

 which produces it ; e. g., when it prevents a favoura- 

 ble crisis, by rendering the patient unable to sleep. 



ANOINTING. From time immemorial, the nations 

 (if the East have been in the habit of anointing them- 

 selves for the sake of health and beauty; and to anoint 

 a guest, was to show him one of the highest marks 

 of respect. In the Mosaic law, and several ancient 

 religions, a sacred character was attached to the 

 anointing of the garments of the priests, and things 

 belonging to the ceremonial of worship. This could 

 be done only with oil made for the puqxise, and sig- 

 nified a consecration of the articles to the service of 

 religion. The Jewish priests and kings were anoint- 

 ed when inducted into office, and were called the 

 anointed of tltt Lord, to show that their persons were 

 sacred, and their office from God. In the Old Testa- 

 ment, also, the prophecies respecting the Redeemer 

 style him, on account of his royaldescent and his 

 dignity, Mcssias, tliat is, the Anointed. The custom 

 of anointing priests still exist in the Roman Catholic 

 church, and that of anointing kings in Christian 

 monarchies. In the Catholic church, the ordaining 

 bishop anoints with the holy oiJ called chrism (q. v.) 

 the pa 1 m of both hands, the thumb, and the forefinger 

 (by which the priests hold the host), of the person to 

 be ordained ; and thus, according to the expression 

 of the ritual of ordination, the hands receive power 

 tc bless, to consecrate, and to make holy. If a 

 clergyman is excommunicated, these spots are rubbed 

 off. (For the ceremony of anointing kings, see 

 Coronation.) The Greeks and Romans, particularly, 

 the former, anointed themselves after the bath, and 

 thus gave a yellow colour to the body. Perhaps in 

 order to imitate this colour, perhaps to make the 

 figure look softer, and to deprive it of the harsh white 

 colour, they often oiled their statutes. The remains 

 of the oily matter used are still sometimes to be seen. 

 Athlettr anointed themselves in order to render it 

 more difficult for their antagonists to get hold of 

 them. 



ANOMALY ; the deviation from a rule. That which 

 deviates is called anomalous. We use this expression 

 in this signification in grammar, where it is opposed 

 to analogy. It is also used in astronomy, to denote 



the delation of the planels from the aphelion (or, 

 nit her. according to the modem usage, from the peri- 

 helion), which is owing to their unequal velocity. 



ANO.M<KANS ; the name by which the stricter Arians 

 were railed in the Ith c.cniury, in contradistinction 

 lo the SfHii-slriami. 



ANONYMOUS (from the Greek); literally without 

 name; also, a person whose name is unknown, or 

 who keeps his name a secret, e. g., the author of an 

 anonymous writing. I'aenda is an epithet, applied to 

 an assumed mime. Writers often conceal themselves 

 under a psendo or false name, which they retain as 

 authors, even when their true name has long been 

 known. It was some time since decided by a legal 

 tribunal at Stuttganl in Germany, that it was not 

 lawful for a third person to put the pseudo name of 

 another known writer before his own work. The 

 knowledge of the anonymous and pseudonymous 

 authors is indispensable to the bibliographer. (Set 

 Barbier's Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes el 

 Pseudonymes, composes, tradnitsou publics en I'nin- 

 yais et en Latin, with historical and critical notes, 

 second edition, Paris, 1822 1824, 3 vols.) Author* 

 often keep their names secret from political motives, 

 e. g., Junius. (q. v.) In history we call pseinla, im- 

 postors who act a political part under a feigned 

 name ; for instance, the pseudo Sebastians in Portu- 

 gal, the pseudo Demetri in Russia, psendo VVoldmar in 

 Brandenburg, the pseudo Smerdis in Persia. 



ANQUETIL on PERRON, Abraham Hyacinthe ; one of 

 the most distingushed Orientalists of the 18th century, 

 born in Paris, Dec. G, 1731 ; studied theology at the 

 university there, and afterwards at Auxerre and 

 Amersfort; devoted himself with ardour to the He- 

 brew, Arabian, and Persian languages, and retunifd 

 to Paris in order to study them with more advantage. 

 Here his assiduous attendance at the library excited 

 the attention of the abbe Sallier, keeper of the manu- 

 scripts, who introduced him to some of his friends, 

 by whose means the young A. obtained a small salary, 

 under the title of a student of the Oriental languages. 

 Having accidentally laid his hands on some frag- 

 ments of a manuscript of the Zend-Avesta, India be- 

 came the object of his thoughts, and he cherished the 

 hope of discovering there the holy books of the Par- 

 sees. In the harbour of 1'Orient, an expedition was 

 preparing for the East Indies, but the endeavours of 

 his protectors to procure a passage for him were fruit- 

 less. A. immediately went to the recruiting captain, 

 enlisted as a private soldier, and set out from Paris, 

 with his knapsack on his back, in 1754. Struck 

 with such extraordinary zeal for science, the govern- 

 ment allowed him a free passage and a salary. Ar - 

 rived at Pondicherry, he learned the modern Persian, 

 and then went to Chandernagore, where he hoped to 

 study the Sanscrit. But sickness and the war be- 

 tween France and England frustrated his hopes. 

 Chandernagore was captured, and A., not to lose the 

 whole object of his vogage, returned on foot to Pon- 

 dicherry, and embarked for Surat. But in order to 

 explore the interior, as well as the coast of Coroman- 

 del, he landed at Mahe, and journeyed on foot to Surat. 

 Here he succeeded, by perseverance and address in 

 overcoming the scruples of some priests of the Par-e< s 

 (Destour). They instructed him so far in the Zend 

 and Pehlwi, that he was able to translate the Dic- 

 tionary and some other works from this language. 

 He then resolved to go to Benares, to study the lan- 

 guages, the antiquities, and the sacred laws of the, 

 Hindoos, when the capture of Pondicherry forced him 

 to return to Europe. He visited London and Oxford, 

 and returned to Paris in 176^, with 180 manuscripts, 

 and other curiosities. The abbe Barthelemy and his 

 other friends obtained for him a salary, with the office 

 of interpreter of the Oriental languages, at the royal 



