ANTEKOS ANTHONY. 



189 



Rented as a prudent old man. He received Ulysses 

 and Menelaus as guests, during their embassy to 

 Troy, accompanied Priam to the field of battle, to 

 ratify the treaty, and after the single combat between 

 Ajax and Hector, proposed, though in vain, the re- 

 storation of Helen. This was probably the founda- 

 tion of the story that he was friendly to the Greeks, 

 and treacherous to the Trojans. He is said to have 

 delivered the Palladium to the Greeks, to have given 

 the signal for their entrance by a light from the wall, 

 and to have himself opened the famous horse. His 

 house remained safe in the sack of the city, which 

 may, however, he explained by the former hospitality 

 of A. to Menelaus. He himself escaped in the same 

 manner a3 ^Eneas, and became like him, the foimder 

 of a new dynasty. Traditions dift'er concerning it. 

 The most common is the story told by Virgil, that he 

 removed with his sons to Thrace, and thence, with 

 the Heneti, to Italy, where he founded Pataviurn, 

 now Padua. 



ANTEROS, in mythology ; the god of mutual love. 

 The later mythology says, that as soon as Eros, the 

 god of love, was grown up, his mother bore Anteros 

 to Mars, a fiction which indicates that love must be 

 mutual. According to some modern interpreters, 

 however, Anteros is the enemy of love, or the god of' 

 antipathy. 



ANTHEM. See Antiphoriy. 



ANTHING, Frederic ; known by his biography of 

 the famous field-marshal Suwaroff, whose companion 

 in arms lie had been. He was born in Gotha, tra- 

 velled through Europe, and went to Petersburg, 

 where he lived by taking silhouettes (profiles cut in 

 paper), which just then had come into fashion. The 

 likenesses of this sort, which he took of the imperial 

 family, made him known. He was for a long time 

 on the most intimate terms with Suwaroff, till this 

 general fell into disgrace with the emperor Paul. A. 

 died, in 1805, in Petersburg. 



ANTHOLOGY (Greek; a collection of flowers) is the 

 name given to several collections of short poems, 

 mostly epigrams, which have come down from anti- 

 quity. The first compiler of this kind was Meleager, 

 a Syrian, who, about sixty B. C., made a collection 

 of his own poems, and those of others. In later 

 times, the same was done by Philip of Thessalonica, 

 probably in the time of Trajan ; Diogenianus of 

 Heraclea, Strata of Sardis, both under Adrian ; and 

 Agathias, in the Gth century. But all these ancient 

 collections are lost. We now possess two of a later 

 period, the one by Constantino Ceplialas, in the 10th 

 century, who, in his Florilegium, made much use of 

 the earlier ones, particularly that of Agathias; the 

 other by Maximus Planudes, in the 14th century, a 

 monk of Constantinople, who, however, by his taste- 

 less extracts from the Anthology of Ceplialas, rather 

 injured than improved the existing stock. The latter 

 is the most common. It contains seven books, which, 

 with the exception of the 5th and 7th, are subdivided 

 in alphabetical order. It agrees only in part with 

 the Anthology of Ceplialas, wliich has been preserved 

 in a single copy. This copy was carried from Heid- 

 elberg to Rome, and thence to Paris, but has been 

 again restored to the Heidelberg library. The last 

 and most complete edition of this original text is that 

 of Jacobs, Leips. 1813, four vols. The editions of 

 Brunck (Analecta), Strasb. 1772, three vols. which 

 appeared accompanied with the commentary of 

 Jacobs, Leips. 1794, thirteen vols., are compiled 

 from the Anthology of Planudes and Constantinus. 

 In Germany, the Greek Anthology lias been often 

 translated, and the rich poetical vigour, the delicacy 

 of feeling, the sportive gayety, the noble and elevat- 

 ed thoughts, displayed' in these little pieces, have 

 secured for them *a deserved admiration. A simi- 



lar Latin Anthology lias been collected by Joseph 

 Scaliger, Lindenbruch, and several others ; the 

 best edition is that of Peter Burmann, junior, Am- 

 sterdam, 1759 73, two vols. 4to. Oriental litera- 

 ture, particularly the Arabian, is very rich in an- 

 thologies. The Arabian name for them is Hamasah. 



ANTHONY, St, the Great ; first institutor of monastic 

 life ; born A. D. 251, at Coma, in Heraclea, a town 

 of Upper Egypt ; went into retirement from a pro- 

 pensity to devotion, A. D. 285, when he had never 

 known the pleasures of knowledge, and, probably 

 never learned to read. A. D. 305, several hermits 

 united with him, and formed the first community of 

 monks. A. P. 311, he went to Alexandria, to seek 

 the honour of martyrdom, amid the persecutions then 

 raging against the Christians ; but, as his life was 

 spared, he returned to the cottages of his monks. He 

 afterwards left this institution to the care of his scho- 

 lar Pacomius (see Monastery), and retired with two 

 friends to a more remote desert, where he died, A.D. 

 356. That he u?ed no garments but a shirt made of 

 hair and a sheep-skin, and never washed his body, is 

 more credible than the strange stories of his contests 

 with devils, and the wonders which he has himself 

 made known, as related in his life by St Athanasius. 

 All his conduct indicates a fervent and melancholy 

 imagination. Seven letters, and some other ascetic 

 writings were formerly attributed to him, but it is not 

 probable that he was their author. There is, also, 

 but little proof that he instituted laws for the monks ; 

 and the opinion is wholly unfounded that he estab- 

 lished a particular order. Yet the monks of the 

 heretical churches in the East, e. g., the Maronites, 

 Armenians, Jacobites, Copts and Abyssinians, pre- 

 tend to belong to the order of St A., but they only 

 follow the rules of St Basil. As a saint of the 

 Catholic church, A. is much esteemed. Prayer for 

 his intercession was intended, particularly, to preserve 

 from the St Anthony's fire, so called from him, a 

 violent and terrible disease of the middle ages, 

 which dried up and blackened every limb which it 

 attacked, as if it were burnt. Gaston, a rich noble- 

 man in Dauphiny, whose son had been cured (as he 

 supposed) by the pretended bones of St A., at St 

 Didier-la-Mothe, in token of his gratitude, establish- 

 ed, A.D. 1095, the hospitable tratemity of St An- 

 thony, for the care of the sick, and the assistance of 

 pilgrims, of which he was the first chief. This order 

 received, from the churches assembled at Clermont, 

 A. D. 1096, the papal confirmation ; took the mon- 

 astic vows, A. D. 1218 ; and were declared by Boni- 

 face VII., A.D. 1298, a fraternity of regular canons, 

 according to the rules of St Augustin; their chief 

 was to be termed abbot, have his seat at St Didier- 

 la-Mothe, and be the general of all the houses of that 

 order. The priors of these houses called themselves 

 comthure, afterwards preceptors, and were subject to 

 the abbot. The dress of these Anthonians was black, 

 marked on the breast with a blue cross, nearly in the 

 form of a T. They afterwards altered the rules of 

 their institution, and devoted themselves to a silent, 

 contemplative life of devotion. This society became 

 very rich by reason of the many pilgrimages to the 

 grave of St A., and the presents which they received. 

 Their order now became widely extended. Even in 

 the 18th century, they numbered 30 convents, mostly 

 in France ; but not one of them has continued to the 

 19th, 



ANTHONY, St; a cape on the coast of Buenos 

 Ayres. It forms the southern point of the entrance 

 into the La Plata. There are three other capes of 

 the same name, one of wliich forms the western ex- 

 tremity of the island of Cuba ; another on the coast 

 of Todos Santos in Brazil ; another on the coast of 

 the straits of Magellan. 



