lil-i 



ANTIGUA ANTIMONY. 



s'machus, who went willi a powerful nrmy to A- ' 



here Scleiieus also joined him. Near Ipsus, in 

 I'hryjjm, .'>! H. <'.,a Iwitle was fought liy the three 



allies at; iin-l A. Illlcl his -Oil. ill \vllicll A. t'rll, aged 



- 1 \,.n->. There are sevenil other persons of the 

 name of Antigonus mentioned in history. A. kin;;' 

 of .ludea, son of Aristobtiliis. He besieged Jeru- 

 salem, was taken prisoner by Herod, and sent to 

 Mark Antony, who put him to death, B. C. 36. A. 

 Gonatus son of Denietrins 1'oliorcetes He was 

 distinguished by liis mild and lininane disposition. 

 At his father's death, he succeeded him in the king- 

 dom of Macedon, and all his other European domin- 

 ion-. He died, after a peaceful reign of 34 years, 

 15. C. 243. Demetrius II., succeeded him. Antigo- 

 uus II., surnamed Doson, king of Macedonia, the 

 >oii of Antigonus I., succeeded his brother, Demetri- 

 us II., B. < ~~ 5 , ami was soon after chosen com- 

 m:inder-iu-chief of the Acluean forces by sea and 

 land. A. defeated Cleomenes, king of Sparta, at 

 Sellasia, He was succeeded by his nephew, Philip 

 VI.. 11. C. 220. 



AXTIGOA ; an island in the West Indies, one of the 

 Caribbees, 21 miles long, and nearly the same in 

 breadth, upwards of 60 miles in circumference. It 

 contains 59,838 acres of ground, of which 34,000 

 are appropriated to the growth of sugar and to pas- 

 turage ; its other principal commodities are cotton, 

 wooH and tobacco. Population, in 1817, 2,102 

 whites, exclusive of troops ; 1,747 free people of 

 colour, and 31,452 slaves. Official value of exports, 

 in 1809, 216,000 ; imports, 1 98,000. Antigua is 

 divided into six parishes, and eleven districts. The 

 name of the capital is St John's. No island in this 

 part of the West Indies can boast of so many excel- 

 lent liarhours. Of these the principal are English 

 harbour and St John's, both well fortified; ami at 

 the former the British government has established a 

 royal navy-yard and arsenal, and conveniences for 

 careening ships of war. Lon. 61 48' W. ; laL 

 17 5' N. Antigua constitutes, along with St Chris- 

 topher, Nevis, Montserrat, and those of the Virgin 

 islands which belong to the British, a separate 

 government. The governor, who is styled captain- 

 general of the Leeward and Caribbean islands, gen- 

 erally resides at A. and occasionally visits the other 

 islands. Antigua was discovered by Columbus in 

 1493. The first settlement was made, in 1632, by a 

 lew English families. In 1663, Charles II. granted 

 it to lord Willoughby. In 1666, a French expedi- 

 tion, uniting with the Caribs, invaded the island, laic 

 waste the settlements, and committed great cruelties 

 The island was re-settled a few years afterwards 

 through the enterprise of colonel Codrington, o 

 Barbadoes, who was appointed commander-in-chie 

 of the Leeward islands. In 170G, and during the 

 three succeeding years, Antigua was cursed by the 

 government of a ferocious and unprincipled tyrant, 

 whose varied crimes and tragical end will not soon 

 be forgotten in the West Indies. The administratioi 

 of governor Park seems to liave resembled more 

 closely the barbarous despotism of Nero or Caracalla 

 than the governments of modern times. Ample 

 vengeance was taken by the people, who, driven tt 

 madness by oppression, rose in a body, overpowerex 

 the regular troops, tore the living body of the oppres 

 sor limb from limb, and gave the fragments to beast 

 of prey. So well was this punishment thought to be 

 deserved, that the British government ratified the ac 

 by granting a general pardon to all concerned in il 

 ana shortly afterwards promoted two of the principa 

 actors to public offices. No event of importance has 

 occurred in the recent history of A. which still re 

 mains under the British government. 



ANTILEGO.MEXA . a word in Scripture criticism de 



oiing those lx>oks the authority of which has Ix-en 

 isputed. 



ANTILLES ; a cln-ter of islands in the West Indies, 

 XtendiBg in the form of a crescent from the roast ot 

 'lorida to the month of il,e Orinoco, in Colombia, 

 'hey are distinguished into 11'unln-nrd and Leetvard 

 slands, and into Greater and Less. The Greater 

 omprehended Cuba, liayti or St Domingo, Jamaica 

 nd Porto Rico. The Less emiu-.ire Antigua, Bar- 

 uidoes, St. Christopher, Giwdaloupe, Marlinico, Gren- 

 da, Trinidad, St Thomas, S-inti Cm/., Dominica, 

 it Vincent, Tobago, St Lucia, &c. See //'/*/ Imlim. 

 AXTII/JCHUS ; son of Nestor, it is said, l.y Anaxibia 

 ir Eurydice ; the youngest soldier in the army of the 

 i reeks beforeTroy ; valiant and courageous, heauti- 

 ul and of great strength and acthity ; on this ac- 

 count the most favoured, after 1'atroclus, by Acliil 

 es. He was, for this reason, according to Homer, 

 chosen to announce to Achilles the death of I'atro- 

 clus. He was called from the kittle, flew to his 

 >ieml, reported, with tears, the mournful tiding-. 

 and soothingly held the hands of the despairing 

 Achilles. In the games in honour of the dead, he 

 eceived the third prize in running, the value ot 

 which was enlianced by the praises of Achilles. ! |e 

 slew many of the Trojan chiefs in battle, and was 

 once saved from the perils of fight by Neptune him- 

 >elf. He finally fell in the defence of his grey-haired 

 father, who, when hard pressed by the Ethiopian 

 Memnon, had called him to his aid (Pindar 1'ytli. 

 VI.), on which account the name Philopator has been 

 fiven to him. His fall is represented in the llian 

 Table, No. 48. United with his friends Patroclus 

 and Achilles, he appears among the shades in the 

 lower world. The other traditions respecting him 

 are of later origin. 



ANTIMACHCS; a poet, a native of Colophon, who is 

 supposed to have lived in the 5th century B. C. 

 Adrian, who placed Ennius before Virgil, preferred 

 A. to Homer, a circumstance which renders the 

 loss of his compositions a subject of great regret. 

 The names of two of his works, the Thebaid and 

 the Lydian, are preserved, and a fragment of A. is 

 to be found in the Analecta of Brunck. The rest of 

 his remains were published, in 178C, by Schellen- 

 burg, under the title of Antimachi Colophonii Reli- 

 quiee. 



ANTIMONY is a bluish-white, brittle metal, of a 

 scaly or foliated texture ; it has a brilliant lustre, but 

 becomes tarnished by exposure to the air ; its specific 

 gravity is 6'7. In this state, it is called the regulus 

 of antimony, and is used as an ingredient in the ma- 

 nufacture of the best pewter, in some type-metal, 

 and in casting leaden medallions. By exposure to 

 heat it melts, and, becoming oxydized, rises in dense 

 white fumes, formerly called argentine flowers oj 

 antimony. Antimony forms with oxygen several 

 oxydes, with which the acids unite and give rise (<> 

 numerous salts, the most important of which is the 

 triple one, called tartrate of potash and antimony. It 

 is manufactured in the large way by mixing one 

 pound of glass of antimony with a pound of cream of 

 tartar, and boiling the mixture in a gallon of water 

 for an hour or two : it is then filtered, evaporated, 

 and set by to crystalize. Tartar emetic is the most 

 generally used antimonial medicine ; and it may !>*> 

 so managed as to produce either sweating, purging, 

 or vomiting. Antimony is found in its metallic state 

 in minute quantities in several countries, and in 

 occasional mixture with ores of silver, lead, and cop- 

 per ; but it is from its combination with sulphur, in 

 which state it occurs abundantly in Auvergne, Scot- 

 land, and Hungary, that the antimony of commerce 

 is furnished. This mineral, the sulphuret of antimony, 

 is found in compact, foliated, and radiated masses, as 



